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Influence of host diet on the biological characteristics of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 280 - 289, 23.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1118202

Abstract

The quantity and quality of host insect diets is strongly related with the development of parasitoid offspring. To evaluate the prediction that effects of host artificial diets on the ecto-larval parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were reared with different host diets. We used corn flour + bran (control), oat flour + bran, rye flour + bran, carob flour + bran, einkorn flour + bran, and potato flour + bran (1:1) as host diet. The number of eggs laid by the parasitoid B. hebetor was lowest (3.5 ± 0.41) on carob flour+ bran. The rate of developing larvae was highest on corn flour+bran (70.74%) and einkorn flour+bran (65.69%). Potato flour + bran (66.59 ± 1.34 h) and einkorn flour + bran (61.87 ± 1.26 h) are the best host diet for the parasitoid larval development time. The most suitable diet for pupal development time is potato flour + bran (212.02 ± 4.08 h) and rye flour + bran (220.85 ± 3.09 h). Considering the total development time, simirlarly potato flour + bran (330.21 ± 4.86 h) and rye flour + bran (341.62 ± 4.63 h) are suitable diets. Female parasitoids showed longer longevity than male parasitoids for all host nutrients, except in the case of carob flour + bran. The sex ratios of the parasitoids were affected for each host diet. The highest fecundity was obtained in mixture of potato flour + bran with 242 individuals. The results of this study can contribute to the improvement of the mass rearing of B. hebetor for the biological control of different pests.

References

  • Amadou, L., Baoua, I., Ba M.N., & Muniappan, R. (2019). Development of an optimum diet for mass rearing of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and production of the parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), for the control of pearl millet head miner. Journal of Insect Science, 19(2):1. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iez020.
  • Amir-Maafi, M., & Chi, H. (2006). Demography of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two pyralid hosts (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 84-90.
  • Arakawa, R., Miura, M., & Fujita, M. (2004). Effects of host species on the body size, fecundity, and longevity of Trissolcus mitsukurii (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a solitary egg parasitoid of stink bugs. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39, 177-181.
  • Arrese, E. L., & Soulages, J. L. (2010). Insect Fat Body: Energy, Metabolism, and Regulation. Annual Review Entomology, 55, 207–225.
  • Awmack, C. S., & Leather, S. R. (2002). Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annual Review Entomology, 47, 817–44.
  • Barbosa, P., & Letourneau, D. K. (1988). Novel Aspects of Insect–Plant Interactions, 361p,Wiley, New York.
  • Campadelli, G., & Barlotti, T. (1986). Importance of wax in the artificial diet of Galleria mellonella L., a substitute host for the parasite Pseudogonia rufifrons Wied. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia 'Guido Grandi' della Universita delgi Studi di Bologna 40, 1–12.
  • Candy, D. J., Becker, A., & Wegener, G. (1997). Coordination and integration of metabolism in insect flight. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology B, 117, 497–512. Clements, A. N. (1992). The Biology of Mosquitoes, vol. I. Chapman & Hall, London.
  • Cock, M. J. W. (1985). A review of biological control of pests in the Commonwealth Carabbean and Burmuda up to 1982. Tech. Commonwealth institute of biological control, 9, 218, ISSN 0069-7125
  • Cohen, A. C. (2004). Insect diets science and technology, Insect Diet and Rearing Institute, LLC, Tucson, CRC PRESS, 329, Arizona.
  • Coley, P. D., Bateman M. L., & Kursar, T. A. (2006). The effects of plant quality on caterpillar growth and defense against natural enemies. Oikos, 115, 219–228.
  • Eslampour, L., & Aramideh, S. (2016). Adult longevity, fertility and sex ratio of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): effect of host artificial diets. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(1), 189-192.
  • Faal-Mohammad-Ali, H., & Shishehbor. P. (2013). Biological parameters of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): effect of host diet. Journal Crop Protection, 2 (4), 411-419.
  • Fox, L. R., Letourneau, D. K. Eisenbach J., & Nouhuys, S. V. (1990). Parasitism rates and sex ratios of a parasitoid wasp: effects of herbivore and plant quality. Oecologia, 83, 414–419.
  • Fukushima, D. (1991). Recent progress of soybean protein foods: chemistry, technology, and nutrition. Food Reviews International, 7 (3), 323–351.
  • Gerling, D. (1971). Occurrence, abundance and efficiency of some local parasitoids attacking Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in selected cotton fields in Israel. Entomological Society of America, 64, 492-499.
  • Ghimire, M. N., & Philips, T. W. (2010). Suitability of different lepidopteran host species for development of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology, 39, 449-458.
  • Gilmour, D. (1961). The biochemistry of insects. Academic Press, New York.
  • Godfray, H. C. J. (1993). Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton USA ISBN:9780691000473, 488 p.
  • Goulas, V., Stylos, E., Chatziathanasiadou, M. V., Mavromoustakos T., & Tzakos. A. G. (2016). Functional components of carob fruit: linking the chemical and biological space. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17, 1875.
  • Hagen, K. S., Dadd, R. H., & Reese J. (1984). The food of insects. In: Huffaker C. B. and R. L. Rabb ed. Ecological Entomology John Wiley & Sons, 79–112, New York. Harvey, J. A., Bezemer, T. M., Elzinga J. A., & Strand. M. R. (2004). Development of the solitary endoparasitoid Microplitis demolitor: host quality does not increase with host age and size. Ecological Entomology, 29, 35-43.
  • House, H. L. (1974). Nutrition, in the physiology of insecta, Vol. 5, Rockstein, M. ed., Academic Press, 1–62, New York.
  • Jervis, M., Ellers, J., & Harvey, J. (2008). Resource acquisition, allocation, and utilization in parasitoid reproductive strategies. Annual Review Entomology, 53, 361-385.
  • Lill, J. T., Marquis R. J. & Ricklefs, R. E. (2002). Host plants influence parasitism of forest caterpillars. Nature, 417, 170–173.
  • Mallampalli, N., Barbosa, P., & Weinges, K. (1996). Effects of condensed tannins and catalpol on growth and development of Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Journal of Entomological Science, 31, 289–300.
  • Mauricio, A., Urrutia, C. Mark, R. Wade Craig, B. D., & Steve, P. (2007). Influence of host diet on parasitoid fitness: unravelling the complexity of a temperate pastoral agroecosystem. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 123, 63–71.
  • Nikam, P. K. & Pawar. C. V. (1993). Life tables and intrinsic rate of increase of Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) population on Corcyra cephalonica (Staint) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a key parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 115, 210-213.
  • Papaj, D. R. (2000). Ovarian dynamics and host use. Annual Review Entomology, 45, 423–448. Price, P. W. (1997). Insect Ecology. 3 rd edn, Wiley, New Yorg.
  • Prozell, S., & Schöller, M. (2003). Five years of biological control of stored-product moths in Germany. In: Credland PF, Armitage DM, Bell CH, Cogan PM,
  • Highley E. (Eds.), Advances in Stored Products Protection. Proceedings of the Eighth International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 22-26 July 2002, York, UK. CABI International, Wallingford, UK, 2003, 322–324.
  • Rivero, A. & Casas, J. (1999). Rate of nutrient allocation to egg production in parasitic wasp, in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 266, 1424
  • Schowalter, T. D. (2000). Insect Ecology. An Ecosystem Approach. Academic Press, San Diego, California
  • SlanskyJr, F. (1986). Nutritional ecology of endoparasitic insects and their hosts: An overview. Journal Insect Physiology, 32(4), 255-261.
  • Speight, M. R., Hunter M. D., & Watt A. D. 1999. Ecology of Insects: Concepts and Applications. Blacwell Science, Oxford.
  • Strand, M. R., & Casas, J. (2008). Parasitoid and host nutritional physiology in behavioral ecology. In Behavioral Ecology Of Insect Parasitoids: From Theoretical Approaches To Field Applications (Eds: Wajnberg, E., Bernstein, Carlos., Alphen, Jacques van). Malden, MA ; Oxford : Blackwell Pub., 2008.
  • Teder, T., & Tammaru, T. (2002). Cascading effects of variation in plant vigour on the relative performance of insect herbivores and their parasitoids. Ecological Entomology, 27, 94–104.
  • Thompson, S. N. (1999). Nutrition and culture of entomophagous insects. Annual Review Entomolgy, 44, 561–592. Tunca, H. & Demiray, E. (2021). Farklı Besinlerde Yetiştirilen Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Üzerinde Parazitoit Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’ un Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s 29.
  • Van Emden, H. F. (1995). Host plant–aphidophaga interactions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 52, 3–11.
  • Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical analysis. – Prentice-Hall, upper Sadle River, NJ.
  • Wheeler, D. (1996). The role of nourishment in oogenesis. Annual Review Entomolgy, 41, 407–431.

Konukçu besinin Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un bazı biyolojik özelliklerine etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 280 - 289, 23.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1118202

Abstract

Konukçu besininin kalite ve kantitesi parazitoit nesillerinin gelişimini etkilemektedir. Konukçu besininin ekto-larval parazitoit Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için konukçu Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvaları farklı besinlerde yetiştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan besinler mısır unu + kepek (kontrol), yulaf unu + kepek, çavdar unu + kepek, keçiboynuzu unu+ kepek, siyez unu + kepek ve patates unu + kepek (1:1)’dir. B. hebetor’un en az yumurta bıraktığı besin (3.5 ± 0.41) keçiboynuzu unu+ kepek karışımıdır. B. hebetor’un gelişen larva oranının en yüksek olduğu besin mısır unu + kepek (%70.74) ve siyez unu + kepek (%65.69) karışımlarıdır. Larval gelişim için en uygun konukçu besinleri ise patates unu + kepek (66.59 ± 1.34) ve siyez unu + kepek (61.87 ± 1.26 sa) karışımlarıdır. Pupa gelişme süresi için en uygun besinler patates unu + kepek (212.02 ± 4.08 sa) ve çavdar unu + kepek (220.85 ± 3.09 sa) olarak bulunmuştur. Parazitoitin toplam gelişme süresi dikkate alındığında benzer olarak patates unu + kepek (330.21 ± 4.86 sa) ve çavdar unu + kepek (341.62 ± 4.63 sa) uygun besinler olarak bulunmuştur. Keçiboynuzu unu + kepek besin karışımı hariç dişi parazitoitlerin yaşam süresi erkek parazitoitlerin yaşam süresinden daha uzun bulunmuştur. Parazitoitin cinsiyet oranınında konukçu besinlerinden etkilendiği saptanmıştır. En yüksek doğurganlık ise 242 birey ile patates unu + kepek karışımında bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma sonuçlarının önemli zararlıların parazitoiti olan B. hebetor’un kitle üretimine katkı sağlayacağı kanısındayız.

References

  • Amadou, L., Baoua, I., Ba M.N., & Muniappan, R. (2019). Development of an optimum diet for mass rearing of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and production of the parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), for the control of pearl millet head miner. Journal of Insect Science, 19(2):1. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iez020.
  • Amir-Maafi, M., & Chi, H. (2006). Demography of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two pyralid hosts (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 84-90.
  • Arakawa, R., Miura, M., & Fujita, M. (2004). Effects of host species on the body size, fecundity, and longevity of Trissolcus mitsukurii (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a solitary egg parasitoid of stink bugs. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39, 177-181.
  • Arrese, E. L., & Soulages, J. L. (2010). Insect Fat Body: Energy, Metabolism, and Regulation. Annual Review Entomology, 55, 207–225.
  • Awmack, C. S., & Leather, S. R. (2002). Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annual Review Entomology, 47, 817–44.
  • Barbosa, P., & Letourneau, D. K. (1988). Novel Aspects of Insect–Plant Interactions, 361p,Wiley, New York.
  • Campadelli, G., & Barlotti, T. (1986). Importance of wax in the artificial diet of Galleria mellonella L., a substitute host for the parasite Pseudogonia rufifrons Wied. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia 'Guido Grandi' della Universita delgi Studi di Bologna 40, 1–12.
  • Candy, D. J., Becker, A., & Wegener, G. (1997). Coordination and integration of metabolism in insect flight. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology B, 117, 497–512. Clements, A. N. (1992). The Biology of Mosquitoes, vol. I. Chapman & Hall, London.
  • Cock, M. J. W. (1985). A review of biological control of pests in the Commonwealth Carabbean and Burmuda up to 1982. Tech. Commonwealth institute of biological control, 9, 218, ISSN 0069-7125
  • Cohen, A. C. (2004). Insect diets science and technology, Insect Diet and Rearing Institute, LLC, Tucson, CRC PRESS, 329, Arizona.
  • Coley, P. D., Bateman M. L., & Kursar, T. A. (2006). The effects of plant quality on caterpillar growth and defense against natural enemies. Oikos, 115, 219–228.
  • Eslampour, L., & Aramideh, S. (2016). Adult longevity, fertility and sex ratio of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): effect of host artificial diets. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(1), 189-192.
  • Faal-Mohammad-Ali, H., & Shishehbor. P. (2013). Biological parameters of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): effect of host diet. Journal Crop Protection, 2 (4), 411-419.
  • Fox, L. R., Letourneau, D. K. Eisenbach J., & Nouhuys, S. V. (1990). Parasitism rates and sex ratios of a parasitoid wasp: effects of herbivore and plant quality. Oecologia, 83, 414–419.
  • Fukushima, D. (1991). Recent progress of soybean protein foods: chemistry, technology, and nutrition. Food Reviews International, 7 (3), 323–351.
  • Gerling, D. (1971). Occurrence, abundance and efficiency of some local parasitoids attacking Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in selected cotton fields in Israel. Entomological Society of America, 64, 492-499.
  • Ghimire, M. N., & Philips, T. W. (2010). Suitability of different lepidopteran host species for development of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology, 39, 449-458.
  • Gilmour, D. (1961). The biochemistry of insects. Academic Press, New York.
  • Godfray, H. C. J. (1993). Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton USA ISBN:9780691000473, 488 p.
  • Goulas, V., Stylos, E., Chatziathanasiadou, M. V., Mavromoustakos T., & Tzakos. A. G. (2016). Functional components of carob fruit: linking the chemical and biological space. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17, 1875.
  • Hagen, K. S., Dadd, R. H., & Reese J. (1984). The food of insects. In: Huffaker C. B. and R. L. Rabb ed. Ecological Entomology John Wiley & Sons, 79–112, New York. Harvey, J. A., Bezemer, T. M., Elzinga J. A., & Strand. M. R. (2004). Development of the solitary endoparasitoid Microplitis demolitor: host quality does not increase with host age and size. Ecological Entomology, 29, 35-43.
  • House, H. L. (1974). Nutrition, in the physiology of insecta, Vol. 5, Rockstein, M. ed., Academic Press, 1–62, New York.
  • Jervis, M., Ellers, J., & Harvey, J. (2008). Resource acquisition, allocation, and utilization in parasitoid reproductive strategies. Annual Review Entomology, 53, 361-385.
  • Lill, J. T., Marquis R. J. & Ricklefs, R. E. (2002). Host plants influence parasitism of forest caterpillars. Nature, 417, 170–173.
  • Mallampalli, N., Barbosa, P., & Weinges, K. (1996). Effects of condensed tannins and catalpol on growth and development of Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Journal of Entomological Science, 31, 289–300.
  • Mauricio, A., Urrutia, C. Mark, R. Wade Craig, B. D., & Steve, P. (2007). Influence of host diet on parasitoid fitness: unravelling the complexity of a temperate pastoral agroecosystem. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 123, 63–71.
  • Nikam, P. K. & Pawar. C. V. (1993). Life tables and intrinsic rate of increase of Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) population on Corcyra cephalonica (Staint) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a key parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 115, 210-213.
  • Papaj, D. R. (2000). Ovarian dynamics and host use. Annual Review Entomology, 45, 423–448. Price, P. W. (1997). Insect Ecology. 3 rd edn, Wiley, New Yorg.
  • Prozell, S., & Schöller, M. (2003). Five years of biological control of stored-product moths in Germany. In: Credland PF, Armitage DM, Bell CH, Cogan PM,
  • Highley E. (Eds.), Advances in Stored Products Protection. Proceedings of the Eighth International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 22-26 July 2002, York, UK. CABI International, Wallingford, UK, 2003, 322–324.
  • Rivero, A. & Casas, J. (1999). Rate of nutrient allocation to egg production in parasitic wasp, in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 266, 1424
  • Schowalter, T. D. (2000). Insect Ecology. An Ecosystem Approach. Academic Press, San Diego, California
  • SlanskyJr, F. (1986). Nutritional ecology of endoparasitic insects and their hosts: An overview. Journal Insect Physiology, 32(4), 255-261.
  • Speight, M. R., Hunter M. D., & Watt A. D. 1999. Ecology of Insects: Concepts and Applications. Blacwell Science, Oxford.
  • Strand, M. R., & Casas, J. (2008). Parasitoid and host nutritional physiology in behavioral ecology. In Behavioral Ecology Of Insect Parasitoids: From Theoretical Approaches To Field Applications (Eds: Wajnberg, E., Bernstein, Carlos., Alphen, Jacques van). Malden, MA ; Oxford : Blackwell Pub., 2008.
  • Teder, T., & Tammaru, T. (2002). Cascading effects of variation in plant vigour on the relative performance of insect herbivores and their parasitoids. Ecological Entomology, 27, 94–104.
  • Thompson, S. N. (1999). Nutrition and culture of entomophagous insects. Annual Review Entomolgy, 44, 561–592. Tunca, H. & Demiray, E. (2021). Farklı Besinlerde Yetiştirilen Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Üzerinde Parazitoit Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’ un Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s 29.
  • Van Emden, H. F. (1995). Host plant–aphidophaga interactions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 52, 3–11.
  • Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical analysis. – Prentice-Hall, upper Sadle River, NJ.
  • Wheeler, D. (1996). The role of nourishment in oogenesis. Annual Review Entomolgy, 41, 407–431.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Ezgi Demiray

Hilal Tunca 0000-0003-3073-6628

Publication Date September 23, 2022
Submission Date May 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Demiray, E., & Tunca, H. (2022). Influence of host diet on the biological characteristics of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(3), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1118202

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