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Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of TiNbN and TiVN Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Method

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 181 - 191, 31.07.2017

Abstract

Nickel
alloys, especially Inconel, show good mechanical properties in a wide
temperature range. But, the wear resistance of this alloys are fairly low. Due
to high hardness, low friction coefficient and good wear resistance, transition
metal nitride films are commonly used in industry. In this study; for the
purpose of increasing the wear resistance of Inconel 600
substrate
, TiNbN and TiVN films were coated on these substrates
using Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering method. The structural
properties of the films were analyzed using XRD, SEM and EDS, the mechanical
properties were determined by nanohardness and scratch tests. The
friction and wear properties were determined using the wear test
method. The TiNbN and TiVN films exhibit a dense and columnar microstructure. According
to XRD analyze results; TiVN (111) and TiNbN (111) were dominant phases for the
TiVN and TiNbN films, respectively. Compared with the TiVN films, due to the higher
film thickness and %N content, the dominant (111) orientation and the smaller grain
size, the TiNbN films exhibited the higher hardness and better adhesion. The TiVN
and TiNbN films considerably increased the wear resistance of Inconel 600
substrate. When compared with the TiVN films, the TiNbN films with the higher hardness
and better adhesion significantly improved the tribological properties of the
substrate with lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate.

References

  • Archard, J.F., 1953. Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces. Journal of Applied Physics, 24, (8), 981-988.
  • Baker, M.A., Kench, P.J., Joseph, M.C., Tsotsos, C., Leyland, A., A., M., 2003. The nanostructure and mechanical properties of PVD CrCu (N) coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 162, (2-3), 222-227.
  • Bunshah, R.F., 2001. Handbook of Hard Coatings: Deposition Technolgies, Properties and Applications USA, 560, William Andrew. USA.
  • Chou, W.J., Yu, G.P., Huang, J.H., 2001. Deposition of TiN thin films on Si(100) by HCD ion plating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 140, 206-214.
  • Ehiasarian, A.P., Hovsepian, P.E., Hultman, L., Helmersson, U., 2004. Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of chromium nitride-based coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering and by the combined steered cathodic arc/unbalanced magnetron technique. Thin Solid Films, 457, (2), 270-277.
  • Gonczy, S.T., Randall, N., 2005. An ASTM Standard for Quantitative Scratch Adhesion Testing of Thin, Hard Ceramic Coatings. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2, (5), 422-428.
  • Hedenquist, P., Olsson, M., Jacobson, S., Soderberg, S., 1990. Failure mode analysis of TiN-coated high speed steel: In situ scratch adhesion testing in the scanning electron microscope. Surface and Coatings Technology, 41, (1), 31-49.
  • Holmberg, K., Matthews, A., 1994. Coatings Tribology: Properties, Mechanisms, Techniques and Applications in Surface Engineering. Amsterdam, 576, Elsevier Science. Amsterdam.
  • Lin, Y.-W., Huang, J.-H., Yu, G.-P., 2010. Effect of nitrogen flow rate on properties of nanostructured TiZrN thin films produced by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films, 518, (24), 7308-7311.
  • Makuch, N., Kulka, M., 2014. Microstructural characterization and some mechanical properties of gas-borided Inconel 600-alloy. Applied Surface Science, 314, 1007-1018.
  • Martinez, G., Shutthanandan, V., Thevuthasan, S., Chessa, J.F., Ramana, C.V., 2014. Effect of thickness on the structure, composition and properties of titanium nitride nano-coatings. Ceramics International, 40, (4), 5757-5764.
  • McPhee, M.A., 1995. Studies of the design and selection of coating systems for the optimised performance of HSS Drills. PhD University of South Australia.
  • Mindivan, F., Mindivan, H., 2013. Comparisons of Wear Performance of Hardened Inconel 600 by Different Nitriding Processes. Procedia Engineering, 68, 730-735.
  • Mittal, K.L., 1976. Adhesion Measurement Of Thin Films. Electrocomponent Science and Technology, 3, 21-42.
  • Miyamura, A., Yamaguchi, M., Hattori, K., Sato, Y., Nakamura, S., Shigesato, Y., 2007. Ti–Al–Si–N films for superhard coatings deposited by reactive cosputtering using Ti, Al, and Si targets. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 25, (4), 1103-1107.
  • Montero-Ocampo, C., Ramírez-Ceja, E.A., Hidalgo-Badillo, J.A., 2015. Effect of codeposition parameters on the hardness and adhesion of TiVN coatings. Ceramics International, 41, (9), 11013-11023.
  • Oh, U.C., Je, J.H., 1993. Effects of strain energy on the preferred orientation of TiN thin films. Journal of Applied Physics, 74, (3), 1692-1696.
  • Öztürk, A., Ezirmik, K.V., Kazmanlı, K., Ürgen, M., Eryılmaz, O.L., Erdemir, A., 2008. Comparative tribological behaviors of TiN, CrN and MoNCu nanocomposite coatings. Tribology International, 41, (1), 49-59.
  • Pan, W.L., Yu, G.P., Huang, J.H., 1998. Mechanical properties of ion-plated TiN films on AISI D2 steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 110, 111-119.
  • Petch, N.J., 1953. The cleavage strength of polycrystals. J. Iron Steel Inst., 173.
  • Petrov, I., Losbichler, P., Bergstrom, D., Greene, J.E., Münz, W.D., Hurkmans, T., Trinh, T., 1997. Ion-assisted growth of Ti1-xA1xN/Ti1-yNbyN multilayers by combined cathodic-arc/magnetron-sputter deposition. Thin Solid Films, 302, 179-192.
  • Pogrebnjak, A.D., Bagdasaryan, A.A., Beresnev, V.M., Nyemchenko, U.S., Ivashchenko, V.I., Kravchenko, Y.O., Shaimardanov, Z.K., Plotnikov, S.V., Maksakova, O., 2017. The effects of Cr and Si additions and deposition conditions on the structure and properties of the (Zr-Ti-Nb)N coatings. Ceramics International, 43, (1), 771-782.
  • Renevier, R.M., Lobiondo, N., Fox, V.C., Teer, D.G., Hampshire, J., 2000. Performance of MoS2/metal composite coatings used for dry machining and other industrial applications. Surface and Coatings Technology, 123, (1), 84-91.
  • Rickerby, D.S., Matthews, A., 1991. Advanced Surface Coatings A Handbook Of Surface Engineering. Glasgow and London, England, 368, Blackie & Son Limited. Glasgow and London, England.
  • Söderberg, H., Odén, M., Molina-Aldareguia, J.M., Hultman, L., 2005. Nanostructure formation during deposition of TiN∕SiNx nanomultilayer films by reactive dual magnetron sputtering. Journal of Applied Physics, 97, (11), 114327.
  • Sundgren, J.E., 1985. Structure and properties of TiN coatings. Thin Solid Films, 128, (1-2), 21-44.
  • Teer, D.G., 1996. Magnetron sputter ion plating Journal, US5556519 A.
  • Tsai, D.-C., Huang, Y.-L., Lin, S.-R., Liang, S.-C., Shieu, F.-S., 2010. Effect of nitrogen flow ratios on the structure and mechanical properties of (TiVCrZrY)N coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. Applied Surface Science, 257, (4), 1361-1367.
  • Wang, D.Y., Chang, C.L., Ho, W.Y., 1999. Microstructure analysis of MoS2 deposited on diamond-like carbon films forwear improvement Surface and Coatings Technology, 111, (2-3), 123 - 127.
  • Wu, W.-Y., Su, A., Liu, Y., Yeh, C.-M., Chen, W.-C., Chang, C.-L., 2016. Effect of DC input power and nitrogen ratio on the deposition of Ti1−xAlxN thin films using high power impulse magnetron sputtering technique. Surface and Coatings Technology, 303, 48-53.

Manetron Sıçratma Yöntemiyle Kaplanmış TiNbN ve TiVN Filmlerin Mekanik ve Tribolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 181 - 191, 31.07.2017

Abstract

Nikel
alaşımları, özellikle de Inconel, geniş bir sıcaklık aralığında iyi mekanik özellikler
göstermektedir. Ancak, bu alaşımların aşınma direnci oldukça düşüktür. Geçiş
metal nitrür filmler yüksek sertlikleri, düşük sürtünme katsayısı ve iyi aşınma
direnci sebebiyle endüstrinin pek çok alanında yaygın bir şekilde
kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Inconel 600 taban malzemenin aşınma direncini
artırabilmek amacıyla, TiNbN ve TiVN filmler bu taban malzemeler üzerine kapalı
alan dengesiz magnetron sıçratma yöntemi kullanılarak kaplanmıştır. Filmlerin
yapısal özellikleri XRD, SEM ve EDS kullanılarak analiz edilmiş, mekanik
özellikleri nanosertlik ve çizik testleri ile belirlenmiştir. Sürtünme ve aşınma
özellikleri aşınma deney düzeneği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. TiVN ve TiNbN
filmler yoğun ve kolonsal bir mikroyapı sergilemiştir. XRD analiz sonuçlarına
göre; TiVN filmler için TiVN (111) ve TiNbN filmler için TiNbN (111) en baskın
fazlardır. TiVN filmler ile karşılaştırıldığında, daha yüksek film kalınlığına ve
%N içeriğine, daha baskın (111) oryantasyonuna ve daha düşük tane boyutuna sahip
TiNbN filmler daha yüksek sertlik ve daha iyi adezyon sergilemiştir. TiVN ve
TiNbN filmler Inconel 600 taban malzemenin aşınma direncini önemli ölçüde
artırmıştır. TiVN filmlerle kıyaslandığında, daha yüksek sertlik ve daha iyi adezyona
sahip TiNbN filmler daha düşük sürtünme katsayısı ve daha düşük aşınma oranı
ile taban malzemenin tribolojik özelliklerini önemli ölçüde iyileştirmiştir.

References

  • Archard, J.F., 1953. Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces. Journal of Applied Physics, 24, (8), 981-988.
  • Baker, M.A., Kench, P.J., Joseph, M.C., Tsotsos, C., Leyland, A., A., M., 2003. The nanostructure and mechanical properties of PVD CrCu (N) coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 162, (2-3), 222-227.
  • Bunshah, R.F., 2001. Handbook of Hard Coatings: Deposition Technolgies, Properties and Applications USA, 560, William Andrew. USA.
  • Chou, W.J., Yu, G.P., Huang, J.H., 2001. Deposition of TiN thin films on Si(100) by HCD ion plating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 140, 206-214.
  • Ehiasarian, A.P., Hovsepian, P.E., Hultman, L., Helmersson, U., 2004. Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of chromium nitride-based coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering and by the combined steered cathodic arc/unbalanced magnetron technique. Thin Solid Films, 457, (2), 270-277.
  • Gonczy, S.T., Randall, N., 2005. An ASTM Standard for Quantitative Scratch Adhesion Testing of Thin, Hard Ceramic Coatings. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2, (5), 422-428.
  • Hedenquist, P., Olsson, M., Jacobson, S., Soderberg, S., 1990. Failure mode analysis of TiN-coated high speed steel: In situ scratch adhesion testing in the scanning electron microscope. Surface and Coatings Technology, 41, (1), 31-49.
  • Holmberg, K., Matthews, A., 1994. Coatings Tribology: Properties, Mechanisms, Techniques and Applications in Surface Engineering. Amsterdam, 576, Elsevier Science. Amsterdam.
  • Lin, Y.-W., Huang, J.-H., Yu, G.-P., 2010. Effect of nitrogen flow rate on properties of nanostructured TiZrN thin films produced by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films, 518, (24), 7308-7311.
  • Makuch, N., Kulka, M., 2014. Microstructural characterization and some mechanical properties of gas-borided Inconel 600-alloy. Applied Surface Science, 314, 1007-1018.
  • Martinez, G., Shutthanandan, V., Thevuthasan, S., Chessa, J.F., Ramana, C.V., 2014. Effect of thickness on the structure, composition and properties of titanium nitride nano-coatings. Ceramics International, 40, (4), 5757-5764.
  • McPhee, M.A., 1995. Studies of the design and selection of coating systems for the optimised performance of HSS Drills. PhD University of South Australia.
  • Mindivan, F., Mindivan, H., 2013. Comparisons of Wear Performance of Hardened Inconel 600 by Different Nitriding Processes. Procedia Engineering, 68, 730-735.
  • Mittal, K.L., 1976. Adhesion Measurement Of Thin Films. Electrocomponent Science and Technology, 3, 21-42.
  • Miyamura, A., Yamaguchi, M., Hattori, K., Sato, Y., Nakamura, S., Shigesato, Y., 2007. Ti–Al–Si–N films for superhard coatings deposited by reactive cosputtering using Ti, Al, and Si targets. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 25, (4), 1103-1107.
  • Montero-Ocampo, C., Ramírez-Ceja, E.A., Hidalgo-Badillo, J.A., 2015. Effect of codeposition parameters on the hardness and adhesion of TiVN coatings. Ceramics International, 41, (9), 11013-11023.
  • Oh, U.C., Je, J.H., 1993. Effects of strain energy on the preferred orientation of TiN thin films. Journal of Applied Physics, 74, (3), 1692-1696.
  • Öztürk, A., Ezirmik, K.V., Kazmanlı, K., Ürgen, M., Eryılmaz, O.L., Erdemir, A., 2008. Comparative tribological behaviors of TiN, CrN and MoNCu nanocomposite coatings. Tribology International, 41, (1), 49-59.
  • Pan, W.L., Yu, G.P., Huang, J.H., 1998. Mechanical properties of ion-plated TiN films on AISI D2 steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 110, 111-119.
  • Petch, N.J., 1953. The cleavage strength of polycrystals. J. Iron Steel Inst., 173.
  • Petrov, I., Losbichler, P., Bergstrom, D., Greene, J.E., Münz, W.D., Hurkmans, T., Trinh, T., 1997. Ion-assisted growth of Ti1-xA1xN/Ti1-yNbyN multilayers by combined cathodic-arc/magnetron-sputter deposition. Thin Solid Films, 302, 179-192.
  • Pogrebnjak, A.D., Bagdasaryan, A.A., Beresnev, V.M., Nyemchenko, U.S., Ivashchenko, V.I., Kravchenko, Y.O., Shaimardanov, Z.K., Plotnikov, S.V., Maksakova, O., 2017. The effects of Cr and Si additions and deposition conditions on the structure and properties of the (Zr-Ti-Nb)N coatings. Ceramics International, 43, (1), 771-782.
  • Renevier, R.M., Lobiondo, N., Fox, V.C., Teer, D.G., Hampshire, J., 2000. Performance of MoS2/metal composite coatings used for dry machining and other industrial applications. Surface and Coatings Technology, 123, (1), 84-91.
  • Rickerby, D.S., Matthews, A., 1991. Advanced Surface Coatings A Handbook Of Surface Engineering. Glasgow and London, England, 368, Blackie & Son Limited. Glasgow and London, England.
  • Söderberg, H., Odén, M., Molina-Aldareguia, J.M., Hultman, L., 2005. Nanostructure formation during deposition of TiN∕SiNx nanomultilayer films by reactive dual magnetron sputtering. Journal of Applied Physics, 97, (11), 114327.
  • Sundgren, J.E., 1985. Structure and properties of TiN coatings. Thin Solid Films, 128, (1-2), 21-44.
  • Teer, D.G., 1996. Magnetron sputter ion plating Journal, US5556519 A.
  • Tsai, D.-C., Huang, Y.-L., Lin, S.-R., Liang, S.-C., Shieu, F.-S., 2010. Effect of nitrogen flow ratios on the structure and mechanical properties of (TiVCrZrY)N coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. Applied Surface Science, 257, (4), 1361-1367.
  • Wang, D.Y., Chang, C.L., Ho, W.Y., 1999. Microstructure analysis of MoS2 deposited on diamond-like carbon films forwear improvement Surface and Coatings Technology, 111, (2-3), 123 - 127.
  • Wu, W.-Y., Su, A., Liu, Y., Yeh, C.-M., Chen, W.-C., Chang, C.-L., 2016. Effect of DC input power and nitrogen ratio on the deposition of Ti1−xAlxN thin films using high power impulse magnetron sputtering technique. Surface and Coatings Technology, 303, 48-53.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özlem Baran

Publication Date July 31, 2017
Submission Date February 17, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Baran, Ö. (2017). Manetron Sıçratma Yöntemiyle Kaplanmış TiNbN ve TiVN Filmlerin Mekanik ve Tribolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 181-191.