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Fluorene-9-Bisphenol and Its Effects on Living Beings

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 76 - 86, 30.09.2022

Fatma Nur Akıncı Aysel Çağlan Günal

Abstract

Fluorene-9-Bisphenol (BHPF) is a substitute for Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the endocrine disruptors. BPA, on the other hand, is a harmful chemical substance that we can constantly encounter in our daily life. Its use is restricted due to its harmful effects on both the environment and living life. Therefore, in the production of plastic materials, alternatives have been shown as a building material. BHPF; which is used as a substitute, appears in food storage containers, toy materials, baby bottles and many other areas. Investigation of the effects that may occur as a result of exposure to this chemical compound, which has the potential to be endocrine disruptor, has only recently come to the fore. The creatures used in the researches are of the type that show the closest feature to the human organism and make their effects in aquatic life researchable. While preparing this review, studies revealing the neurological, cardiological, histological and endocrinological effects of BHPF on Danio rerio, Porcine(Pig), Chlorella vulgaris and CD-1 mouse model organisms were examined.

Keywords

BHPF Toxic Effects Model Organisms

References

  • Z. R. Tang, X. L. Xu, S.L. Deng, Z. X. Lian, K. Yu, "Oestrogenic Endocrine Disruptors in the Placenta and the Fetus," International Journal of Moleculer Sciences., vol. 21, no. 4, Feb. 2020, Art. no. 1519.
  • E. R. Kabir, M. S. Rahman, I. Rahman, "A review on endocrine disruptors and their possible impacts on human health," Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 40, pp. 241-258, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.009.
  • P. Mi, Y.Q. Tang, and X.Z. Feng, "Acute fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure damages early development and induces cardiotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)," Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 202, Oct. 2020, Art. no. 110922.
  • NIEHS. "Endocrine Disruptors and Your Health." Nih.gov. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm (May, 2020).
  • J. R. Rochester, "Bisphenol A and human health:A review of the literature," Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 42, pp. 132-155, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.008.
  • D. Chen, K. Kannan, H. Tan, Z. Zheng, Y. L. Feng, Y. Wu, and M. Widelka, "Bisphenol Analogues Other Than BPA: Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Toxicity-A Review," Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 50, pp. 5438−5453, May. 2016, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05387.
  • L. N. Vanderbeng, R. Hauser, M. Marcus, N. Olea, and W. V. Welshons, "Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)," Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 24, pp. 139-177, Aug-Sep. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.010.
  • J. M. Garcia, F. C. Garcia, F. Serna, and J. L. Pena, "High-performance aromatic polyamides," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, pp. 623-686, May. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.09.002
  • L. Yang, X. Guo, X. Mao, X. Jia, Y. Zhou, Y. Hu, L. Sun, J. Guo, H. Xiao, and Z. Zhang, "Hepatic toxicity of Fluorene-9-Bisphenol (BHPF) on CD-1 mice,"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 219, Aug. 2021, Art. no. 112298.
  • X. F. Jiao, Q. M. Liang, D. Wu, Z. M. Ding, J. Y. Zhang, F. Chen, Y. S. Wang, S. X. Zhang, Y. L. Miao, and L. J. Huo, "Effects of Acute Fluorene-9-Bisphenol Exposure on Mouse Oocyte in vitro Maturation and Its Possible Mechanisms," Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, vol. 60, pp. 243-253, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1002/em.22258.
  • Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, J. Guo, T. Yu, L. Sun, X. Xiao, D. Zhu, T. Nakanishi, Y. Hiromori, J. Li, X. Fan, Y. Wan, S. Cheng, J. Li, X. Guo, and J. Hu, "Fluorene-9-Bisphenol is anti-oestrogenic and may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice," Nature Communications, vol. 8, Mar. 2017, Art. no. 14585.
  • Z. Meng, S. Tian, J. Yan, M. Jia, S. Yan, R. Li, R. Zhang, W. Zhu, and Z. Zhou, "Effects of perinatal exposure to BPA, BPF and BPAF on liver function in male mouse offspring involving in oxidative damage and metabolic disorder," Environmental Pollution, vol. 247, pp. 935-943, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.116
  • R. R. Rix, R. N. C. Guedes, and G. C. Cutler, "Hormesis dose–response contaminant-induced hormesis in animals," Current Opinion in Toxicology, vol. 30, Jun. 2022, Art. no. 100336. I. Bahelka, R. Stupka, J. Citek, and M. Sprysl, "The impact of bisphenols on reproductive system and on offspring in pigs – A review 2011–2020," Chemosphere, vol. 263, Jul. 2021, Art. no. 128203.
  • C. Zhang, C. Willett, and T. Fremgen, "Zebrafish: An Animal Model for Toxicological Studies," Current Protocols in Toxicology, vol. 17, pp. 1.7.1-1.7.18, Nov. 2003, doi: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0107s17.
  • F. Kutluyer, and E. Aksakal, "Aquatıc Model Organısms and Theır use ın Bıotechnology," Anadolu J Agr Sci, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 101-107, 2013.
  • K. Howe, M. Clark, and others, "The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome," Nature Communications, vol. 496, pp. 498-503, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1038/nature12111.
  • W. P. Bian, and D. S. Pei, "Zebrafish as a model system to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals," Nutraceuticals on Science Direct, pp. 395-409. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  • L. Sun, Y. Ling, J. Jiang, D. Wang, J. Wang, J. Li, X. Wang, and H. Wang, "Differential mechanisms regarding triclosan vs. bisphenol A and fluorene-9-bisphenol induced zebrafish lipid-metabolism disorders by RNA-Seq," Chemosphere, vol. 251, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 126318.
  • M. Jin, J. Dang, Y. N. Paudel, X. Wang, B. Wang, L. Wang, P. Li, C. Sun, and K. Liu, "The possible hormetic effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol on regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish," Science of The Total Environment, vol. 776, Jul. 2021, Art. no. 145963.
  • S. Zhang, Y. Xu, S. Zhang, C. Zhao, D. Feng, and X. Feng, "Fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure decreases locomotor activity and induces lipid-metabolism disorders by impairing fatty acid oxidation in zebrafish," Life Sciences, vol. 294, Apr. 2022, Art. no. 120379.
  • A. E. E. Bruce, "Zebrafish epiboly: Spreading thin over the yolk," Developmental Dynamics, vol. 245, pp. 244-258, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24353
  • İ. Karaboz, A. Sukatar, A. Parlakay, "Denizsel Organizmalardan Elde Edilen Yeşil Floresans Protein(GFP) ve Kullanım Alanları," Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, vol. 21, pp. 383-388, 2004.
  • P. Mi, Q. P. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, C. Wang, S. Z. Zhang, Y. C. Fang, J. Z. Gao, D. F. Feng, D. Y. Chen, and X. Z. Feng, "The effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol on female zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproductive and exploratory behaviors," Chemosphere, vol. 228, pp. 398-411, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.170
  • R. Pabst, "The pig as a model for immunology research," Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 380, pp. 287–304, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00441-020-03206-9
  • X. Jiao, Z. Ding, F. Meng, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. Chen, Z. Duan, D. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Miao, and L. Huo, "The toxic effects of Fluorene-9-bisphenol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation," Environmental Toxicology, vol. 35, pp. 152-158, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1002/tox.22851.
  • C. Zuniga, C. T. Li, T. Huelsman, J. Levering, D. C. Zielinski, B. O. McConnell, C. P. Long, E. P. Knoshaug, M. T. Guarnieri, M. R. Antoniewicz, M. J. Betenbaugh, and K. Zengler, "Genome-Scale Metabolic Model for the Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395 Accurately Predicts Phenotypes under Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions," Plant Physiology, vol. 172, pp. 589–602, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1104/pp.16.00593
  • S. Mariano, E. Panzarini, M.D. Inverno, N. Voulvoulis, and L. Dini, "Toxicity, Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Glucose-Capped Silver Nanoparticles in Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris," Nanomaterials, vol. 10, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 1377.
  • H. Zhang, T. Ding, X. Luo, and J. Li, "Toxic effect of fluorene-9-bisphenol to green algae Chlorella vulgaris and its metabolic fate," Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 216, Jun. 2021, Art. no. 112158.
  • R. Aslankoç, D. Demirci, Ü. İnan, M. Yıldız, A. Öztürk, M. Çetin, E. Ş. Savran, and B. Yılmaz, "The Role of Antıoxıdant Enzymes ın Oxıdatıve Stress - Superoxıde Dısmutase(SOD), Katalase (CAT) and Glutathıone Peroxıdase (GPX)," Med J SDU, vol. 26, pp. 362-369, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.566969.
  • V. Vanhooren, and C. Libert, "The mouse as a model organism in aging research: Usefulness, pitfalls and possibilities," Ageing Research Reviews, vol. 12, pp. 8-21, Jan. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.010.
  • Z. Y. Jin, C.. K. Li, Y. Q. Hong, Y. X. Liang, L. Liu, and Z. M. Yang, "BHPF exposure impairs mouse and human decidualization," Environmental Pollution, vol. 304, Jul. 2022, Art. no. 119222.
  • Z. Jia, H. Wang, Z. Feng, S. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Zhang, Q. Liu, X. Zhao, D. Feng, and X. Feng, "Fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure induces cytotoxicity in mouse oocytes and causes ovarian damage," Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 180, pp. 168-178, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.019.
  • G. Michalopoulos, and B. Brushan, "Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications," Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol. 18, pp. 40-55, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0342-4
  • J. K. Corless and H. M. Middleton, "Normal liver function. A basis for understanding hepatic disease," Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 143, pp. 2291-2294, Dec. 1983, doi: 10.1001/archinte.143.12.2291.
  • E. Trefts, M. Gannon, and D. H. Wasserman, "The liver," Current Biology, vol. 27, pp.1141-1155, Nov. 201, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.019.
  • A. Jetter and G. A. Kullak-Ublick, "Drugs and hepatic transporters: A review," Pharmacological Research, vol. 154, Apr. 2020, Art. no. 104234.
  • X. Ji, L. Shi, X. Yin, Z. Huai, Y. Li, J. Ren, Y. Fu, Y. Du, Y. Gao, L. Soong, and H. Shi, "Sex- and developmental stage-dependent effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure on emotional behaviors in mice," Chemosphere, vol. 225, pp. 890-896, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.110.

Fluorene-9-Bisphenol ve Canlılar Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 76 - 86, 30.09.2022

Fatma Nur Akıncı Aysel Çağlan Günal

Abstract

Fluorene-9-Bisphenol (BHPF), endokrin bozucu maddelerden biri olan Bisphenol A (BPA)' nın ikamesidir. BPA, günlük hayatta sürekli olarak karşılaşabileceğimiz zararlı bir kimyasal maddedir. Hem çevreye hem de canlı hayatına zararlı etkilerinden dolayı kullanımı kısıtlandırılmıştır. Bundan dolayı plastik malzemelerin üretilmesinde yapı maddesi olarak alternatiflere yönelim gösterilmiştir. Alternatif olarak kullanılan BHPF; gıda saklama kaplarında, oyuncak malzemelerinde, bebeklerin kullandığı biberonlarda ve daha birçok alanda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Endokrin bozucu olma potansiyeline sahip bu kimyasal bileşiğe maruz kalınması sonucunda ortaya çıkabilecek etkilerinin araştırılması, daha yeni gündeme gelmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalarda kullanılan canlılar, insan organizmasına en yakın özelliği gösteren ve sucul hayatında etkilerini araştırılabilir kılan türdendir. Bu derleme hazırlanırken BHPF' nin Danio rerio, Porcine (Domuz), Chlorella vulgaris ve CD-1 fare model organizmaları üzerindeki nörolojik, kardiyolojik, histolojik ve endokrinolojik olarak etkilerinin neler olduğunu ortaya çıkaran araştırmalar incelenmiştir.

Keywords

BHPF Toksik Etkiler Model Organizmalar

References

  • Z. R. Tang, X. L. Xu, S.L. Deng, Z. X. Lian, K. Yu, "Oestrogenic Endocrine Disruptors in the Placenta and the Fetus," International Journal of Moleculer Sciences., vol. 21, no. 4, Feb. 2020, Art. no. 1519.
  • E. R. Kabir, M. S. Rahman, I. Rahman, "A review on endocrine disruptors and their possible impacts on human health," Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 40, pp. 241-258, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.009.
  • P. Mi, Y.Q. Tang, and X.Z. Feng, "Acute fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure damages early development and induces cardiotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)," Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 202, Oct. 2020, Art. no. 110922.
  • NIEHS. "Endocrine Disruptors and Your Health." Nih.gov. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm (May, 2020).
  • J. R. Rochester, "Bisphenol A and human health:A review of the literature," Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 42, pp. 132-155, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.008.
  • D. Chen, K. Kannan, H. Tan, Z. Zheng, Y. L. Feng, Y. Wu, and M. Widelka, "Bisphenol Analogues Other Than BPA: Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Toxicity-A Review," Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 50, pp. 5438−5453, May. 2016, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05387.
  • L. N. Vanderbeng, R. Hauser, M. Marcus, N. Olea, and W. V. Welshons, "Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)," Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 24, pp. 139-177, Aug-Sep. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.010.
  • J. M. Garcia, F. C. Garcia, F. Serna, and J. L. Pena, "High-performance aromatic polyamides," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, pp. 623-686, May. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.09.002
  • L. Yang, X. Guo, X. Mao, X. Jia, Y. Zhou, Y. Hu, L. Sun, J. Guo, H. Xiao, and Z. Zhang, "Hepatic toxicity of Fluorene-9-Bisphenol (BHPF) on CD-1 mice,"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 219, Aug. 2021, Art. no. 112298.
  • X. F. Jiao, Q. M. Liang, D. Wu, Z. M. Ding, J. Y. Zhang, F. Chen, Y. S. Wang, S. X. Zhang, Y. L. Miao, and L. J. Huo, "Effects of Acute Fluorene-9-Bisphenol Exposure on Mouse Oocyte in vitro Maturation and Its Possible Mechanisms," Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, vol. 60, pp. 243-253, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1002/em.22258.
  • Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, J. Guo, T. Yu, L. Sun, X. Xiao, D. Zhu, T. Nakanishi, Y. Hiromori, J. Li, X. Fan, Y. Wan, S. Cheng, J. Li, X. Guo, and J. Hu, "Fluorene-9-Bisphenol is anti-oestrogenic and may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice," Nature Communications, vol. 8, Mar. 2017, Art. no. 14585.
  • Z. Meng, S. Tian, J. Yan, M. Jia, S. Yan, R. Li, R. Zhang, W. Zhu, and Z. Zhou, "Effects of perinatal exposure to BPA, BPF and BPAF on liver function in male mouse offspring involving in oxidative damage and metabolic disorder," Environmental Pollution, vol. 247, pp. 935-943, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.116
  • R. R. Rix, R. N. C. Guedes, and G. C. Cutler, "Hormesis dose–response contaminant-induced hormesis in animals," Current Opinion in Toxicology, vol. 30, Jun. 2022, Art. no. 100336. I. Bahelka, R. Stupka, J. Citek, and M. Sprysl, "The impact of bisphenols on reproductive system and on offspring in pigs – A review 2011–2020," Chemosphere, vol. 263, Jul. 2021, Art. no. 128203.
  • C. Zhang, C. Willett, and T. Fremgen, "Zebrafish: An Animal Model for Toxicological Studies," Current Protocols in Toxicology, vol. 17, pp. 1.7.1-1.7.18, Nov. 2003, doi: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0107s17.
  • F. Kutluyer, and E. Aksakal, "Aquatıc Model Organısms and Theır use ın Bıotechnology," Anadolu J Agr Sci, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 101-107, 2013.
  • K. Howe, M. Clark, and others, "The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome," Nature Communications, vol. 496, pp. 498-503, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1038/nature12111.
  • W. P. Bian, and D. S. Pei, "Zebrafish as a model system to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals," Nutraceuticals on Science Direct, pp. 395-409. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  • L. Sun, Y. Ling, J. Jiang, D. Wang, J. Wang, J. Li, X. Wang, and H. Wang, "Differential mechanisms regarding triclosan vs. bisphenol A and fluorene-9-bisphenol induced zebrafish lipid-metabolism disorders by RNA-Seq," Chemosphere, vol. 251, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 126318.
  • M. Jin, J. Dang, Y. N. Paudel, X. Wang, B. Wang, L. Wang, P. Li, C. Sun, and K. Liu, "The possible hormetic effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol on regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish," Science of The Total Environment, vol. 776, Jul. 2021, Art. no. 145963.
  • S. Zhang, Y. Xu, S. Zhang, C. Zhao, D. Feng, and X. Feng, "Fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure decreases locomotor activity and induces lipid-metabolism disorders by impairing fatty acid oxidation in zebrafish," Life Sciences, vol. 294, Apr. 2022, Art. no. 120379.
  • A. E. E. Bruce, "Zebrafish epiboly: Spreading thin over the yolk," Developmental Dynamics, vol. 245, pp. 244-258, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24353
  • İ. Karaboz, A. Sukatar, A. Parlakay, "Denizsel Organizmalardan Elde Edilen Yeşil Floresans Protein(GFP) ve Kullanım Alanları," Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, vol. 21, pp. 383-388, 2004.
  • P. Mi, Q. P. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, C. Wang, S. Z. Zhang, Y. C. Fang, J. Z. Gao, D. F. Feng, D. Y. Chen, and X. Z. Feng, "The effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol on female zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproductive and exploratory behaviors," Chemosphere, vol. 228, pp. 398-411, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.170
  • R. Pabst, "The pig as a model for immunology research," Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 380, pp. 287–304, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00441-020-03206-9
  • X. Jiao, Z. Ding, F. Meng, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. Chen, Z. Duan, D. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Miao, and L. Huo, "The toxic effects of Fluorene-9-bisphenol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation," Environmental Toxicology, vol. 35, pp. 152-158, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1002/tox.22851.
  • C. Zuniga, C. T. Li, T. Huelsman, J. Levering, D. C. Zielinski, B. O. McConnell, C. P. Long, E. P. Knoshaug, M. T. Guarnieri, M. R. Antoniewicz, M. J. Betenbaugh, and K. Zengler, "Genome-Scale Metabolic Model for the Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395 Accurately Predicts Phenotypes under Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions," Plant Physiology, vol. 172, pp. 589–602, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1104/pp.16.00593
  • S. Mariano, E. Panzarini, M.D. Inverno, N. Voulvoulis, and L. Dini, "Toxicity, Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Glucose-Capped Silver Nanoparticles in Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris," Nanomaterials, vol. 10, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 1377.
  • H. Zhang, T. Ding, X. Luo, and J. Li, "Toxic effect of fluorene-9-bisphenol to green algae Chlorella vulgaris and its metabolic fate," Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 216, Jun. 2021, Art. no. 112158.
  • R. Aslankoç, D. Demirci, Ü. İnan, M. Yıldız, A. Öztürk, M. Çetin, E. Ş. Savran, and B. Yılmaz, "The Role of Antıoxıdant Enzymes ın Oxıdatıve Stress - Superoxıde Dısmutase(SOD), Katalase (CAT) and Glutathıone Peroxıdase (GPX)," Med J SDU, vol. 26, pp. 362-369, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.566969.
  • V. Vanhooren, and C. Libert, "The mouse as a model organism in aging research: Usefulness, pitfalls and possibilities," Ageing Research Reviews, vol. 12, pp. 8-21, Jan. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.010.
  • Z. Y. Jin, C.. K. Li, Y. Q. Hong, Y. X. Liang, L. Liu, and Z. M. Yang, "BHPF exposure impairs mouse and human decidualization," Environmental Pollution, vol. 304, Jul. 2022, Art. no. 119222.
  • Z. Jia, H. Wang, Z. Feng, S. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Zhang, Q. Liu, X. Zhao, D. Feng, and X. Feng, "Fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure induces cytotoxicity in mouse oocytes and causes ovarian damage," Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 180, pp. 168-178, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.019.
  • G. Michalopoulos, and B. Brushan, "Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications," Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol. 18, pp. 40-55, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0342-4
  • J. K. Corless and H. M. Middleton, "Normal liver function. A basis for understanding hepatic disease," Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 143, pp. 2291-2294, Dec. 1983, doi: 10.1001/archinte.143.12.2291.
  • E. Trefts, M. Gannon, and D. H. Wasserman, "The liver," Current Biology, vol. 27, pp.1141-1155, Nov. 201, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.019.
  • A. Jetter and G. A. Kullak-Ublick, "Drugs and hepatic transporters: A review," Pharmacological Research, vol. 154, Apr. 2020, Art. no. 104234.
  • X. Ji, L. Shi, X. Yin, Z. Huai, Y. Li, J. Ren, Y. Fu, Y. Du, Y. Gao, L. Soong, and H. Shi, "Sex- and developmental stage-dependent effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure on emotional behaviors in mice," Chemosphere, vol. 225, pp. 890-896, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.110.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology, Ecology, Environmental Sciences
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Fatma Nur Akıncı 0000-0002-0391-8090

Aysel Çağlan Günal 0000-0002-9072-543X

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE F. N. Akıncı and A. Ç. Günal, “Fluorene-9-Bisphenol ve Canlılar Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Etoxec, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 76–86, 2022.
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