Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Rumen Mikroorganizmalarının Manipülasyonu için Kullanılan Yöntemler

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 50 - 65, 31.10.2018

Abstract

Ruminantlar
rumende meydana gelen bir dizi sindirim olayları ile diğer çiftlik
hayvanlarından kesin bir şeklide ayrılmaktadır. Rumende meydana gelen sindirim
olayları mikroorganizma faaliyetleri ile gerçekleşmekte ve besin maddelerinin
sindirimi ile hayvanlardan verim elde edilmektedir. Ancak bu faaliyetler
sonucunda istenmeyen bazı metabolitler oluşmakta ve bunlar besin madde kaybı ve
çevresel sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Yapılan güncel çalışmalarda hayvanların
verimlerinin artırılması amacıyla rumende oluşan karbondioksit, metan ve
hidrojen sülfür gibi istenmeyen son ürünlerin azaltılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu
nedenle bu durumdan sorumlu olan mikroorganizmaların modifiye veya manipüle
edilmeye ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir. Son yıllarda bu amaçla yem katkı maddeleri,
bitki sekonder metabolitleri kullanımı gibi hayvan besleme çalışmalarının
yanında defaunasyon ve genetik manipülasyon yöntemleri de kullanılmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada rumen mikroorganizmalarının manipüle edilmesinde kullanılan bazı
yöntemler derlenmiştir. 

References

  • Alexander, G., Singh, B., Sahoo, A., and Bhat, T., 2008. In vitro screening of plant extracts to enhance the efficiency of utilization of energy and nitrogen in ruminant diets. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 145: 229–244. Beauchemin, K.A.,and McGinn, S., 2006. Methane emissions from beef cattle: effects of fumaric acid, essential oil, and canola oil. Journal of Animal Science 84: 1489. Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, T.A., and Beauchemin, K.A., 2008. A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 145: 209–228. Benchaar, C., Chaves, A., Fraser, G., Beauchemin, K., and McAllister, T., 2007. Effects of essential oils and their components on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87: 413–419. Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223–253. Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Cardozo, P., and Kamel, C., 2005. Effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 88: 2508–2516. Cardozo, P., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., and Kamel, C., 2005. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 83: 2572–2579. Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., and Ferret, A., 2006. Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. Journal of Animal Science 89: 2649–2658. Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., and Losa, R., 2007. Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology132: 186–201. Castro-Montoya, J.M., Makkar, H.P.S., and Becker, K., 2011. Chemical composition of rumen microbial fraction and fermentation parameters as affected by tannins and saponins using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91: 433–448. Doreau, M. and A. Ferlay. 1995. Effect of dietary lipids on nitrogen metabolism in the rumen: a review. Livestock Production Science 43:97-110. Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 308–316. Firkins, J.L., and M.L. Eastridge. 1994. Assessment of the effects of iodine value on fatty acid digestibility, feed intake, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 77:2357-2366. Frutos, P., Hervás, G., Giráldez García, F., and Mantecón, A., 2004. Review. Tannins and ruminant nutrition. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 191–202. Goel, G., Makkar, H.P.S., and Becker, K., 2008. Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage- and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 147: 72–89. Hart, K.J., Ya˜nez-Ruiz, D.R., Duval, S.M., McEwan, N.R., and Newbold, C.J., 2008. Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology147: 8–35. Hervás, G., Frutos, P., Serrano, E., Mantecón, A.R., and Giráldez, F.J., 2000. Effect of tannic acid on rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of treated soya bean meals in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science 135: 305–310. Hristov, A.N., McAllister, T.A., Van Herk, F.H., Cheng, K., Newbold, C.J., Cheeke, P.R., 1999. Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. Journal of Animal Science 77: 2554. Hristov, A., Ivan, M., Neill, L., and McAllister, T., 2003. Evaluation of several potential bioactive agents for reducing protozoal activity in vitro.Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 105: 163–184. Klita, P., Mathison, G., Fenton, T., and Hardin, R., 1996. Effects of alfalfa root saponins on digestive function in sheep.Journal of Animal Science74: 1144–1156. Lila, Z., Mohammed, N., Kanda, S., Kamada, T., and Itabashi, H., 2003. Effect of sarsaponin on ruminal fermentation with particular reference to methane production in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 3330–3336. Liu, J.Y., Yuan, W.Z., Ye, J., and Wu, Y., 2003. Effect of tea (Camellia sinensis) saponin addition on rumen fermentation in vitro. In: Matching Herbivore Nutrition to Ecosystems Biodiversity. Tropical and Subtropical Agrosystems: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, Merida, Mexico. Lu, C.D.,and Jorgensen, N.A., 1987. Alfalfa saponins affect site and extent of nutrient digestion in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 117: 919–927. Makkar, H.P.S., Blümmel, M., and Becker, K., 1995. In vitro effects of and interactions between tannins and saponins and fate of tannins in the rumen. Journal of Scienceand Food Agriculture 69: 481–493. McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A., and Newbold, C.J., 2003. Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Applied Environmental Microbiology 69: 5011–5014. McLaughlin, C.L., Thompson, A., Greenwood, K., Sherington, J., Bruce, C., 2009a. Effect of acarbose on acute acidosis. Journal Dairy Science 92:2758- 2766. McLaughlin, C.L., Thompson, A., Greenwood, K., Sherington, J., Bruce, C., 2009b. Effect of acarbose on milk yield and composition in earlylactation dairy cattle fed a ration to induce subacute ruminal acidosis. Journal Dairy Science 92:4481-4488. McSweeney, C., Palmer, B., Bunch, R., and Krause, D., 2001. Effect of the tropical forage calliandra on microbial protein synthesis and ecology in the rumen. Journal of Applied Microbiology 90: 78–88. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th Rev. Ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC. Newbold, C.J., El Hassan, S.M., Wang, J., Ortega, M., and Wallace, R.J., 1997. Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria. British Journal of Nutrition 78: 237–249. Newbold, C.J., McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., and Wallace, R.J., 2004. Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 114: 105–112. Newton, S.M., Lau, C., Gurcha, S.S., Besra, G.S., and Wright, C.W., 2002. The evaluation of forty-three plant species for in vitro antimycobacterial activities; isolation of active constituents from Psoralea corylifolia and Sanguinaria canadensis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79: 57–67. Oldick, B.S., and Firkins,J.L.,2000. Effects of degree of fat saturation on fiber digestion and microbial protein synthesis when diets are fed twelve times daily. Journal of Animal Science 78:2412-2420. Patra, A.K., Saxena, J., 2009. A review of the effect and mode of action of saponins on microbial population and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutrition Research Reviews 22: 204–219. Spanghero, M., Zanfi, C., Fabbro, E., Scicutella, N., and Camellini, C., 2008. Effects of a blend of essential oils on some end products of in vitro rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology145: 364–374. Valdez, F., Bush, L., Goetsch, A., Owens, F., 1986. Effect of steroidal sapogenins on ruminal fermentation and on production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 69: 1568–1575. Wallace, R.J., Arthaud, L., and Newbold, C.J., 1994. Influence of Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentration and ruminal micro-organisms. Applied Environmental Microbiology 60: 1762–1767. Wallace, R.J., McEwan, N.R., McIntosh, F.M., Teferedegne, B., and Newbold, C.J., 2002. Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal 15: 1458–1468. Wang, Y., McAllister, T., Newbold, C., Rode, L., Cheeke, P., Cheng, K., 1998. Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Animal Feed Scienceand Technology74: 143–153. Yang, W.Z. Benchaar, C., Ametaj, B. N., Chaves, A. V. He, M. L. and McAllister, T. A. 2007. Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90:5671–5681.
Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 50 - 65, 31.10.2018

Abstract

References

  • Alexander, G., Singh, B., Sahoo, A., and Bhat, T., 2008. In vitro screening of plant extracts to enhance the efficiency of utilization of energy and nitrogen in ruminant diets. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 145: 229–244. Beauchemin, K.A.,and McGinn, S., 2006. Methane emissions from beef cattle: effects of fumaric acid, essential oil, and canola oil. Journal of Animal Science 84: 1489. Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, T.A., and Beauchemin, K.A., 2008. A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 145: 209–228. Benchaar, C., Chaves, A., Fraser, G., Beauchemin, K., and McAllister, T., 2007. Effects of essential oils and their components on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87: 413–419. Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223–253. Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Cardozo, P., and Kamel, C., 2005. Effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 88: 2508–2516. Cardozo, P., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., and Kamel, C., 2005. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 83: 2572–2579. Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., and Ferret, A., 2006. Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. Journal of Animal Science 89: 2649–2658. Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., and Losa, R., 2007. Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology132: 186–201. Castro-Montoya, J.M., Makkar, H.P.S., and Becker, K., 2011. Chemical composition of rumen microbial fraction and fermentation parameters as affected by tannins and saponins using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91: 433–448. Doreau, M. and A. Ferlay. 1995. Effect of dietary lipids on nitrogen metabolism in the rumen: a review. Livestock Production Science 43:97-110. Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 308–316. Firkins, J.L., and M.L. Eastridge. 1994. Assessment of the effects of iodine value on fatty acid digestibility, feed intake, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 77:2357-2366. Frutos, P., Hervás, G., Giráldez García, F., and Mantecón, A., 2004. Review. Tannins and ruminant nutrition. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 191–202. Goel, G., Makkar, H.P.S., and Becker, K., 2008. Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage- and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 147: 72–89. Hart, K.J., Ya˜nez-Ruiz, D.R., Duval, S.M., McEwan, N.R., and Newbold, C.J., 2008. Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology147: 8–35. Hervás, G., Frutos, P., Serrano, E., Mantecón, A.R., and Giráldez, F.J., 2000. Effect of tannic acid on rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of treated soya bean meals in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science 135: 305–310. Hristov, A.N., McAllister, T.A., Van Herk, F.H., Cheng, K., Newbold, C.J., Cheeke, P.R., 1999. Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. Journal of Animal Science 77: 2554. Hristov, A., Ivan, M., Neill, L., and McAllister, T., 2003. Evaluation of several potential bioactive agents for reducing protozoal activity in vitro.Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 105: 163–184. Klita, P., Mathison, G., Fenton, T., and Hardin, R., 1996. Effects of alfalfa root saponins on digestive function in sheep.Journal of Animal Science74: 1144–1156. Lila, Z., Mohammed, N., Kanda, S., Kamada, T., and Itabashi, H., 2003. Effect of sarsaponin on ruminal fermentation with particular reference to methane production in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 3330–3336. Liu, J.Y., Yuan, W.Z., Ye, J., and Wu, Y., 2003. Effect of tea (Camellia sinensis) saponin addition on rumen fermentation in vitro. In: Matching Herbivore Nutrition to Ecosystems Biodiversity. Tropical and Subtropical Agrosystems: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, Merida, Mexico. Lu, C.D.,and Jorgensen, N.A., 1987. Alfalfa saponins affect site and extent of nutrient digestion in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 117: 919–927. Makkar, H.P.S., Blümmel, M., and Becker, K., 1995. In vitro effects of and interactions between tannins and saponins and fate of tannins in the rumen. Journal of Scienceand Food Agriculture 69: 481–493. McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A., and Newbold, C.J., 2003. Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Applied Environmental Microbiology 69: 5011–5014. McLaughlin, C.L., Thompson, A., Greenwood, K., Sherington, J., Bruce, C., 2009a. Effect of acarbose on acute acidosis. Journal Dairy Science 92:2758- 2766. McLaughlin, C.L., Thompson, A., Greenwood, K., Sherington, J., Bruce, C., 2009b. Effect of acarbose on milk yield and composition in earlylactation dairy cattle fed a ration to induce subacute ruminal acidosis. Journal Dairy Science 92:4481-4488. McSweeney, C., Palmer, B., Bunch, R., and Krause, D., 2001. Effect of the tropical forage calliandra on microbial protein synthesis and ecology in the rumen. Journal of Applied Microbiology 90: 78–88. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th Rev. Ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC. Newbold, C.J., El Hassan, S.M., Wang, J., Ortega, M., and Wallace, R.J., 1997. Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria. British Journal of Nutrition 78: 237–249. Newbold, C.J., McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., and Wallace, R.J., 2004. Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology 114: 105–112. Newton, S.M., Lau, C., Gurcha, S.S., Besra, G.S., and Wright, C.W., 2002. The evaluation of forty-three plant species for in vitro antimycobacterial activities; isolation of active constituents from Psoralea corylifolia and Sanguinaria canadensis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79: 57–67. Oldick, B.S., and Firkins,J.L.,2000. Effects of degree of fat saturation on fiber digestion and microbial protein synthesis when diets are fed twelve times daily. Journal of Animal Science 78:2412-2420. Patra, A.K., Saxena, J., 2009. A review of the effect and mode of action of saponins on microbial population and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutrition Research Reviews 22: 204–219. Spanghero, M., Zanfi, C., Fabbro, E., Scicutella, N., and Camellini, C., 2008. Effects of a blend of essential oils on some end products of in vitro rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Scienceand Technology145: 364–374. Valdez, F., Bush, L., Goetsch, A., Owens, F., 1986. Effect of steroidal sapogenins on ruminal fermentation and on production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 69: 1568–1575. Wallace, R.J., Arthaud, L., and Newbold, C.J., 1994. Influence of Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentration and ruminal micro-organisms. Applied Environmental Microbiology 60: 1762–1767. Wallace, R.J., McEwan, N.R., McIntosh, F.M., Teferedegne, B., and Newbold, C.J., 2002. Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal 15: 1458–1468. Wang, Y., McAllister, T., Newbold, C., Rode, L., Cheeke, P., Cheng, K., 1998. Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Animal Feed Scienceand Technology74: 143–153. Yang, W.Z. Benchaar, C., Ametaj, B. N., Chaves, A. V. He, M. L. and McAllister, T. A. 2007. Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90:5671–5681.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selma Büyükkılıç Beyzi

İsmail Ülger

Publication Date October 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S., & Ülger, İ. (2018). Rumen Mikroorganizmalarının Manipülasyonu için Kullanılan Yöntemler. Erciyes Tarım Ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 50-65.