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Isolation and identification of a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 189 - 197, 20.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1218790

Abstract

The Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) which produces cocoons with an extraordinary yellow color range, is one of the most important endemic and endangered cultural assets in Türkiye. In this study, intense fungal infection and many deaths were detected in the breeding trays in the Hatay yellow breed production facility. An entomopathogenic fungus was isolated from Hatay yellow strain cadavers collected in 2020. According to the morphological and molecular analysis results of the isolate, which was brought into pure culture, it was identified as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), the isolate HS1. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the HS1 strain was very similar (99 %) to the isolates of B. bassiana KJ6 (Iran) and ARSEF 300 (Europe). The concentration-response test using 1 × 104-8 conidia/ml concentrations produced LC50 values of the new strain of 1.2 × 103 and 0.6 × 106 conidia/ml within 7 days against the larvae of Hatay yellow strain and hybrid strain of silkworm, respectively. The results indicated that the virulence of the B. bassiana HS1 strain to the Hatay yellow strain was much more severe and that the Hatay yellow strain had to fight it to survive.

Supporting Institution

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Scientific Research Unit, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Türkiye

Project Number

Grant Project No: 21.GAP.001

Thanks

This study was supported by Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Scientific Research Unit, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Türkiye, Grant Project No: 21.GAP.001

References

  • Adams, D. Q. & E. J. W. Barber, 1996. Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, with Special Reference to the Aegean. Language (Baltim), 994 pp.
  • Ainsworth, G. C., 1956. Agostino Bassi, 1773-1856. Natura, 177: 255-257.
  • Anonymous, 2023. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. (Web page: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) (Date accessed: May 2023).
  • Arunkumar, K. P., M. Metta & J. Nagaraju, 2006. Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori from Chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40 (2): 419-427.
  • Bassi, A., 1835. Del Mal del Segno Calcinaccio Moscardino Malatta Che Affiggei Bachida Seta Parte 1. Teorica Tip., 1773-1856, 60 pp (in Italian).
  • Biryol, S., D. Efe, A. Eski, Z. Demirbag & I. Demir, 2020. Fungal pathogens of Amphimallon solstitiale Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 44 (3): 375-384.
  • Biryol, S., E. Güney, A. Eski, Z. Bayramoğlu, K. Sezen, Z. Demirbag & I. Demir, 2021. Development of mycoinsecticide formulations with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum for the control of Orosanga japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae). Annals of Applied Biology, 179 (3): 319-330.
  • Campano, F., J. M. Flores, F. Puerta, J. A. Ruiz & J. M. Ruz, 1999. “Fungal Diseases of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.), 61-68”. In: Bee Disease Diagnosis, (Eds. M. E. Colin, B. V. Ball & M. Kilani). Zaragoza, CIHEAM, (Options Méditerranéennes: Série B. Etudes et Recherches; N. 25), 182 pp.
  • Chopade, P., C. G. Raghavendra, S. Mohana Kumar & R. N. Bhaskar, 2021. Assessment of diseases in Bombyx mori silkworm-A survey. Global Transitions Proceedings, 2 (1): 133-136.
  • Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 333 pp.
  • Gencer, D., 2023. Isolation and characterization of a high-efficacy Beauveria bassiana strain from the European tent caterpillar, Malacosoma neustria Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Folia Microbiologica, (online published). (Web page: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-023-01037-z).
  • Hall, T. A., 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95-98.
  • İleri, B., 2019. “Hatay’da İpeğin Tarihi, 85-96”. Hatay Araştırmaları IV, Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları. Ankara. 131 s (in Turkish).
  • Kocacevik, S., A. Sevim, M. Eroglu, Z. Demirbag & I. Demir, 2015. Molecular characterization, virulence and horizontal transmission of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 139 (5): 381-389.
  • Kumar, P., M. Baig & K. Sengupta, 1990. Govindaiah Handbook on Pest and Disease Control of Mulberry and Silkworm. UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 95 pp.
  • Kumar, S., G. Stecher, M. Li, C. Knyaz & K. Tamura, 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms, Oxford Academic. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6): 1547-1549.
  • Lacey, L. A., R. Frutos, H. K. Kaya & P. Vail, 2001. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Do they have a future? Biological Control, 21 (3): 230-248.
  • Lakshmi, V. V., K. Jamil, D. Bharathi & D. V. R. Kumar, 2005. Differential susceptibility of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. strains to white muscardine disease caused by Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Entomon, 30 (1): 13-18.
  • Lee, Y. K., J. C. Lee & M. S. Han, 1989. Resistance of varieties of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., to the white muscardine (Beauveria sp.). Research Report to Rural Development Administration, 31 (2): 7-12.
  • Lu, Y. L., 1991. Silkwork Diseases. Food & Agriculture Organization, 74 pp.
  • Maekawa, H., N. Takada, K. Mikitani, T. Ogura, N. Miyajima, H. Fujiwara, M. Kobayashi & O. Ninaki, 1988. Nucleolus organizers in the wild silkworm Bombyx mandarina and the domesticated silkworm B. mori. Chromosoma, 96: 263-269.
  • Meyling, N. V., M. Lübeck, E. P. Buckley, J. Eilenberg & S. A. Rehner, 2009. Community composition, host range and genetic structure of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria in adjoining agricultural and seminatural habitats. Molecular Ecology, 18 (6): 1282-1293.
  • Mishra, S. A., 2017. Diseases of silk warm (Bombyx mori) and protocol for treatment. International Journal of Zoology Studies, 2 (6): 116-118.
  • Püntener, W., 1981. Manual for Field Trials in Plant Protection. 2nd Ed. Agricultural Division, Ciba-Geigy Limited, 205 pp.
  • Rehner, S. A. & E. Buckley, 2005. A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia, 97 (1): 84-98.
  • Rehner, S. A., A. M. Minnis, G. H. Sung, J. J. Luangsaard, L. Devotto & R. A. Humber, 2011. Phylogeny and systematics of the anamorphic, entomopathogenic genus Beauveria. Mycologia, 103 (5): 1055-1073.
  • Rehner, S. A., F. Posada, E. P. Buckley, F. Infante, A. Castillo & F. E. Vega, 2006. Phylogenetic origins of African and Neotropical Beauveria bassiana s.l. pathogens of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 93 (1): 11-21.
  • Ribeiro, L.F.C., J. Tavares, S. A. V. Silva, L. F. A. Alvez, E. A. Loth & R. M. C Brancalhao, 2017. Infection of silkworm larvae by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Crop Protection, 47 (4): e20151485.
  • Saad, M. S. I., E. M. Y. Elyamani & W. M. M. Helaly, 2019. Controlling of bacterial and fungal diseases that contaminating mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori by using some plant extracts. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43: 172 (1-9).
  • Seema, K. D., M. G. Priti, S. P. Shubhangi & B. K. Vitthalrao, 2019. The influence of infection of Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill, a fungal species (Family: Clavicipitaceae) on quality of the cocoons of spinned by the larval instars of Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PMx CSR2). International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal, 7 (1): 14-18.
  • Sharma, A., P. Sharma, J. K. Thakur & K. Bali, 2020. Viral diseases of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9 (2): 415-423.
  • Sönmez, E., A. Sevim, Z. Demirbağ & I. Demir, 2016. Isolation, characterization and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi from Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 51 (2): 213-223.
  • Sönmez, E., İ. Demir, J. C. Bull, T. M. Butt & Z. Demirbağ, 2017. Pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) larvae are highly susceptible to the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 27 (10): 1168-1179.
  • Tamura, K., G. Stecher, D. Peterson, A. Filipski & S. Kumar, 2013. MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (12): 2725-2729.
  • Ulaşlı, B., B. İleri & F. Can, 2021. Hatay yellow strain (Bombyx mori L.) under the threat of extinction: Determination of morphological and biological features with some reviews. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (2): 266-271.
  • Vojvodic, S., J. J. Boomsma, J. Eilenberg & A. B. Jensen, 2012. Virulence of mixed fungal infections in honey bee brood. Frontiers in Zoology, 9 (1): 5 (1-6).
  • Wada, S., T. Mikuni, H. Tamura, F. Yukuhiro, R. Murakami, W. Mitsuhashi, K. Miyamoto & Y. Kunimi, 2011. Differences in the susceptibility among silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), strains to the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria brongniartii and the mode of inheritance of the susceptibility. Journal of Insect Biotechnology and Sericology, 79 (3): 103-110.
  • White, T. J., T. Bruns, S. Lee & J. Taylor, 1990. ‘’PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, 315-322’’. In: Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics (Eds. M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky & T. J. White). Academic Press, San Diego, 482 pp.

Türkiye’den Hatay sarısı ipekböceği ırkı, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)’den bir fungal patojeni olan Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)’nın izolasyonu ve tanımlanması

Year 2023, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 189 - 197, 20.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1218790

Abstract

Olağanüstü sarı renk dağılımına sahip kozalar üreten Hatay sarı ipekböceği ırkı olan Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Türkiye'nin en önemli endemik ve tehlike altındaki kültür varlıklarından biridir. Bu çalışmada, Hatay sarı ırkı üretim tesisinde, yetiştirme tepsilerinde yoğun fungal enfeksiyonu ve birçok ölüm tespit edilmiştir. Entomopatojen bir fungus 2020 yılında toplanan Hatay sarısı ırkı kadavralarından izole edilmiştir. Saf kültür haline getirilen izolat morfolojik ve moleküler analiz sonuçlarına göre Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) türüne ait HS1 izolatı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Filogenetik analiz sonuçları, HS1 izolatının B. bassiana KJ6 (İran) ve ARSEF 300 (Avrupa) izolatlarına çok benzer (%99) olduğunu göstermiştir. Konsantrasyon-doz testi 1 × 104-8 konidia/ml konsantrasyonları kullanılarak yapılmış ve yeni izolatın 7 günlük LC50 değerleri Hatay sarısı ırkı ve hibrid ırk ipekböceği larvalarına karşı sırasıyla 1.2 × 103 ve 0.6 × 106 konidia/ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, B. bassiana HS1 izolatının Hatay sarı ırkına verdiği hasarın çok daha şiddetli olduğunu ve Hatay sarı ırkının hayatta kalabilmek için onunla mücadele etmek zorunda kaldığını göstermiştir.

Project Number

Grant Project No: 21.GAP.001

References

  • Adams, D. Q. & E. J. W. Barber, 1996. Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, with Special Reference to the Aegean. Language (Baltim), 994 pp.
  • Ainsworth, G. C., 1956. Agostino Bassi, 1773-1856. Natura, 177: 255-257.
  • Anonymous, 2023. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. (Web page: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) (Date accessed: May 2023).
  • Arunkumar, K. P., M. Metta & J. Nagaraju, 2006. Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori from Chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40 (2): 419-427.
  • Bassi, A., 1835. Del Mal del Segno Calcinaccio Moscardino Malatta Che Affiggei Bachida Seta Parte 1. Teorica Tip., 1773-1856, 60 pp (in Italian).
  • Biryol, S., D. Efe, A. Eski, Z. Demirbag & I. Demir, 2020. Fungal pathogens of Amphimallon solstitiale Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 44 (3): 375-384.
  • Biryol, S., E. Güney, A. Eski, Z. Bayramoğlu, K. Sezen, Z. Demirbag & I. Demir, 2021. Development of mycoinsecticide formulations with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum for the control of Orosanga japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae). Annals of Applied Biology, 179 (3): 319-330.
  • Campano, F., J. M. Flores, F. Puerta, J. A. Ruiz & J. M. Ruz, 1999. “Fungal Diseases of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.), 61-68”. In: Bee Disease Diagnosis, (Eds. M. E. Colin, B. V. Ball & M. Kilani). Zaragoza, CIHEAM, (Options Méditerranéennes: Série B. Etudes et Recherches; N. 25), 182 pp.
  • Chopade, P., C. G. Raghavendra, S. Mohana Kumar & R. N. Bhaskar, 2021. Assessment of diseases in Bombyx mori silkworm-A survey. Global Transitions Proceedings, 2 (1): 133-136.
  • Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 333 pp.
  • Gencer, D., 2023. Isolation and characterization of a high-efficacy Beauveria bassiana strain from the European tent caterpillar, Malacosoma neustria Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Folia Microbiologica, (online published). (Web page: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-023-01037-z).
  • Hall, T. A., 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95-98.
  • İleri, B., 2019. “Hatay’da İpeğin Tarihi, 85-96”. Hatay Araştırmaları IV, Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları. Ankara. 131 s (in Turkish).
  • Kocacevik, S., A. Sevim, M. Eroglu, Z. Demirbag & I. Demir, 2015. Molecular characterization, virulence and horizontal transmission of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 139 (5): 381-389.
  • Kumar, P., M. Baig & K. Sengupta, 1990. Govindaiah Handbook on Pest and Disease Control of Mulberry and Silkworm. UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 95 pp.
  • Kumar, S., G. Stecher, M. Li, C. Knyaz & K. Tamura, 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms, Oxford Academic. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6): 1547-1549.
  • Lacey, L. A., R. Frutos, H. K. Kaya & P. Vail, 2001. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Do they have a future? Biological Control, 21 (3): 230-248.
  • Lakshmi, V. V., K. Jamil, D. Bharathi & D. V. R. Kumar, 2005. Differential susceptibility of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. strains to white muscardine disease caused by Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Entomon, 30 (1): 13-18.
  • Lee, Y. K., J. C. Lee & M. S. Han, 1989. Resistance of varieties of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., to the white muscardine (Beauveria sp.). Research Report to Rural Development Administration, 31 (2): 7-12.
  • Lu, Y. L., 1991. Silkwork Diseases. Food & Agriculture Organization, 74 pp.
  • Maekawa, H., N. Takada, K. Mikitani, T. Ogura, N. Miyajima, H. Fujiwara, M. Kobayashi & O. Ninaki, 1988. Nucleolus organizers in the wild silkworm Bombyx mandarina and the domesticated silkworm B. mori. Chromosoma, 96: 263-269.
  • Meyling, N. V., M. Lübeck, E. P. Buckley, J. Eilenberg & S. A. Rehner, 2009. Community composition, host range and genetic structure of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria in adjoining agricultural and seminatural habitats. Molecular Ecology, 18 (6): 1282-1293.
  • Mishra, S. A., 2017. Diseases of silk warm (Bombyx mori) and protocol for treatment. International Journal of Zoology Studies, 2 (6): 116-118.
  • Püntener, W., 1981. Manual for Field Trials in Plant Protection. 2nd Ed. Agricultural Division, Ciba-Geigy Limited, 205 pp.
  • Rehner, S. A. & E. Buckley, 2005. A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia, 97 (1): 84-98.
  • Rehner, S. A., A. M. Minnis, G. H. Sung, J. J. Luangsaard, L. Devotto & R. A. Humber, 2011. Phylogeny and systematics of the anamorphic, entomopathogenic genus Beauveria. Mycologia, 103 (5): 1055-1073.
  • Rehner, S. A., F. Posada, E. P. Buckley, F. Infante, A. Castillo & F. E. Vega, 2006. Phylogenetic origins of African and Neotropical Beauveria bassiana s.l. pathogens of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 93 (1): 11-21.
  • Ribeiro, L.F.C., J. Tavares, S. A. V. Silva, L. F. A. Alvez, E. A. Loth & R. M. C Brancalhao, 2017. Infection of silkworm larvae by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Crop Protection, 47 (4): e20151485.
  • Saad, M. S. I., E. M. Y. Elyamani & W. M. M. Helaly, 2019. Controlling of bacterial and fungal diseases that contaminating mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori by using some plant extracts. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43: 172 (1-9).
  • Seema, K. D., M. G. Priti, S. P. Shubhangi & B. K. Vitthalrao, 2019. The influence of infection of Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill, a fungal species (Family: Clavicipitaceae) on quality of the cocoons of spinned by the larval instars of Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PMx CSR2). International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal, 7 (1): 14-18.
  • Sharma, A., P. Sharma, J. K. Thakur & K. Bali, 2020. Viral diseases of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9 (2): 415-423.
  • Sönmez, E., A. Sevim, Z. Demirbağ & I. Demir, 2016. Isolation, characterization and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi from Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 51 (2): 213-223.
  • Sönmez, E., İ. Demir, J. C. Bull, T. M. Butt & Z. Demirbağ, 2017. Pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) larvae are highly susceptible to the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 27 (10): 1168-1179.
  • Tamura, K., G. Stecher, D. Peterson, A. Filipski & S. Kumar, 2013. MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (12): 2725-2729.
  • Ulaşlı, B., B. İleri & F. Can, 2021. Hatay yellow strain (Bombyx mori L.) under the threat of extinction: Determination of morphological and biological features with some reviews. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (2): 266-271.
  • Vojvodic, S., J. J. Boomsma, J. Eilenberg & A. B. Jensen, 2012. Virulence of mixed fungal infections in honey bee brood. Frontiers in Zoology, 9 (1): 5 (1-6).
  • Wada, S., T. Mikuni, H. Tamura, F. Yukuhiro, R. Murakami, W. Mitsuhashi, K. Miyamoto & Y. Kunimi, 2011. Differences in the susceptibility among silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), strains to the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria brongniartii and the mode of inheritance of the susceptibility. Journal of Insect Biotechnology and Sericology, 79 (3): 103-110.
  • White, T. J., T. Bruns, S. Lee & J. Taylor, 1990. ‘’PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, 315-322’’. In: Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics (Eds. M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky & T. J. White). Academic Press, San Diego, 482 pp.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Entomology in Agriculture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Dönüş Gençer 0000-0002-5179-3763

Başak Ulaşlı 0000-0002-0989-2020

Feza Can Cengiz 0000-0002-0737-6145

İsmail Demir 0000-0001-6227-0039

Project Number Grant Project No: 21.GAP.001
Early Pub Date July 17, 2023
Publication Date July 20, 2023
Submission Date December 14, 2022
Acceptance Date July 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 47 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gençer, D., Ulaşlı, B., Can Cengiz, F., Demir, İ. (2023). Isolation and identification of a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1218790
AMA Gençer D, Ulaşlı B, Can Cengiz F, Demir İ. Isolation and identification of a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye. TED. July 2023;47(2):189-197. doi:10.16970/entoted.1218790
Chicago Gençer, Dönüş, Başak Ulaşlı, Feza Can Cengiz, and İsmail Demir. “Isolation and Identification of a Fungal Pathogen, Beauveria Bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay Yellow Strain of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, no. 2 (July 2023): 189-97. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1218790.
EndNote Gençer D, Ulaşlı B, Can Cengiz F, Demir İ (July 1, 2023) Isolation and identification of a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47 2 189–197.
IEEE D. Gençer, B. Ulaşlı, F. Can Cengiz, and İ. Demir, “Isolation and identification of a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye”, TED, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 189–197, 2023, doi: 10.16970/entoted.1218790.
ISNAD Gençer, Dönüş et al. “Isolation and Identification of a Fungal Pathogen, Beauveria Bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay Yellow Strain of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47/2 (July 2023), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1218790.
JAMA Gençer D, Ulaşlı B, Can Cengiz F, Demir İ. Isolation and identification of a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye. TED. 2023;47:189–197.
MLA Gençer, Dönüş et al. “Isolation and Identification of a Fungal Pathogen, Beauveria Bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay Yellow Strain of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 47, no. 2, 2023, pp. 189-97, doi:10.16970/entoted.1218790.
Vancouver Gençer D, Ulaşlı B, Can Cengiz F, Demir İ. Isolation and identification of a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the Hatay yellow strain of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Türkiye. TED. 2023;47(2):189-97.