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Financing of Irrigation Schemes and Irrigation Charges Practiced in Some Countries and our Country

Year 2021, Issue: 23, 524 - 533, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.865591

Abstract

The objectives of financial management in the irrigation scheme Management-Operation and Maintenance (MOM) can be listed as facilitating the efficient use of assets belonging to the irrigation organization, managing financial assets for the benefit of its members, determining the financial status of the organization, establishing and protecting the trust of its members, and ensuring the existence and sustainability of the organization. MOM organizations of Irrigation schemes use irrigation fees to mobilize financial resources for the irrigation scheme MOM services from water users benefiting directly from the project. Although the methods of calculating irrigation charges differ according to countries, in most irrigation schemes, irrigation charges are based on irrigated area. There are very few examples of irrigation charges based on the price of water used. Irrigation charges used to increase the reliability of the water supplied and the incomes of MOM are determined by different methods. The cost of distributed water consists of the function of some special physical conditions and both agricultural and hydrological factors such as plant type, soil structure, amount of water and climate. The responsible MOM organization must establish a charge method to recover investment and depreciation expenses, and meet the costs of MOM and system improvement. On the other hand, irrigation charges have a positive effect on improving the management activities of the irrigation system when the collected revenues are used in the same project from which they were generated, and a strong MOM organizational structure is established. The aim of this study is to examine the MOM financing of irrigation scheme, irrigation charge methods and the effects of irrigation charges on irrigation performance in our country and other countries.

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Ülkemizde ve Bazı Ülkelerde Sulama Şebekelerinin Finansmanı ve Sulama Suyu Ücretleri

Year 2021, Issue: 23, 524 - 533, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.865591

Abstract

Sulama şebekeleri İşletme-bakım ve yönetiminde (İBY) finansal yönetimin amaçları, sulama organizasyonuna ait mülklerin etkin kullanımını sağlamak ve kolaylaştırmak, üyelerinin yararı için finansal varlıkları yönetmek, organizasyonun finansal durumunu belirlemek, üyelerinin güvenini kazanmak ve korumak, organizasyonun varlığını ve sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak olarak sıralanabilir. Sulama şebekeleri işletme-bakım ve yönetim organizasyonları projeden yaralanan su kullanıcılardan sulama şebekeleri İBY hizmetleri için finanasal kaynakları harekete geçirmede sulama ücretlerini kullanmaktadır. Sulama ücretlerini hesaplama yöntemleri ülkelere göre farklılık göstermesine karşın, sulama şebekelerinin büyük bir çoğunluğunda belirlenen sulama ücretleri sulanmış alanı temel almaktadır. Kullanılan suyun fiyatını temel alan sulama ücret yöntemi oldukça az örnekte yer almaktadır. Dağıtılan suyun güvenilirliği ve İBY gelirlerini sağlamak için yararlanılan sulama ücretleri farklı yöntemler ile belirlenmektedir. Dağıtılan suyun maliyeti, bitki çeşidi, toprak yapısı, suyun miktarı ve iklim gibi tarımsal ve hidrolojik etmenler ile bazı özel fiziki koşulların fonksiyonundan oluşmaktadır. Sorumlu İBY organizasyonu, yatırım giderlerini geri almak, İBY ve sistem iyileştirme giderlerini karşılamak için bir sulama ücret yöntemini belirlemelidir. Diğer yandan, toplanan gelirler elde edildikleri aynı projede kullanılır ve güçlü bir İBY organizasyon yapısı oluşturulduğunda, sulama ücretleri, sulama sisteminin yönetim aktivitelerini iyileştirmede olumlu bir etkiye sahip olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ülkemizde ve diğer ülkelerde sulama sistemleri İBY finansmanı, sulama ücret çeşitleri, sulama ücreti belirleme yöntemleri, İBY organizasyon performansı ve sulama performansı üzerine sulama ücretlerinin etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

References

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  • Berbel, J., Calatrava, J., Garrido, A. (2007). Water pricing and irrigation: a review of the European experience. In: Molle F, Berkoff J (eds) Irrigation water pricing: the gap between theory and practice. CABI, Oxford, pp. 295–327.
  • Berbel, J., & Jómez-Limón, JA. (2000). The impact of water-pricing policy in Spain: an analysis of three areas. Agric Water Manag 43:219–238.
  • Bithas, K., Kollimenakis, A., Maroulis, G., & Stylianidou, Z. (2014) The water framework directive in Greece. Estimating the environmental and resource cost in the water districts of western and Central Macedonia: methods, results and proposals for water pricing. Procedia Econ Finance 8:73–82.
  • Botral, A. F. (1981). Comparative Study of Management and Organization of Irrigation Projects. World Bank, Staf Working Paper No : 458, Washington, 25-40p
  • Brelle, F., & Dressayre, E. (2014). Financing irrigation. Irrig Drain 63:199–2
  • Cornish, G., Bosworth, B., Perry, G. & Burke, J. (2004). Water Charging in Irrigated Agriculture – An Analysis of International Experience. FAO Water Reports 28, FAO, Rome, Italy.
  • Çakmak, B. (1994). Konya Çumra Sulamasında Su Dağıtım ve Kullanıcı Etkinliği, AÜ. Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Bölümü, Doktora Tezi (Yayınlanmamış), Ankara
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  • Dinar, A., & Mody, J. (2004). Irrigation water management policies: allocation and pricing principles and implementation experience. Nat Res Forum 28:112–122.
  • Dinar, A., & Subramanian, A. (1997). Water Pricing Experiences: An International Perspective. Technical Paper No.386. The World Bank. 164 Pages.
  • Doukkali, M.R. (2005). Water institutional reforms in Morocco. Water Policy 7:71–88.
  • Duane, P. (1986). Cost Recovery in Irrigation Projects, Perception From World Bank Operation Evaluation, Expert Consultation on Irrigation Water Charges, FAO, 22-26 September 1986, Rome, 25-27p
  • EC (European Commission). (2015). Report on the Progress in Implementation of the Water Framework Directive –Programmes of Measures. Commission Staff Working Document, Brussels, Belgium.
  • EEA. (2013). Assessment of Cost Recovery through Water Pricing. Technical Report No 16/2013. European Environment Agency. 123 Pages
  • Fan, SG., Gulati, A., & Thorat, S. (2008). Investment, subsidies, and pro-poor growth in rural India. Agric Econ 39: 163–170.
  • FAO. (1991). Improved Performance of Irrigation Systems Through Water Pricing Polices in the Escap Region. Improved Irrigation Systems Performance for Sustainable Agriculture: Proceedings of the Regional Workshop organized by FAO in Bangkok, Thailand, 22-26 October 1990, Rome, 47-51p
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  • Faysse, N., Errahj, M., Kuper, M., Mahdi, M. (2010). Learning to voice? The evolving roles of family farmers in the coordination of large-scale irrigation schemes in Morocco. Water Alternatives 3:48–67.
  • Fraiture, C., & Perry, C.J. (2007). Why is agricultural water demand unresponsive at low price ranges? In: IrrigationWater Pricing: The Gap between Theory and Practice (F.
  • Molle & J. Berkoff, eds). CAB International,Wallingford, UK, pp. 94–107. François, M., & Hoanh, CT. (2011). Implementing Integrated River basin Management in the Red River Basin, Vietnam: a solution looking for a problem? Water Policy 13:518–534.
  • Garrido, A., & Calatrava, J. (2010). Agricultural water pricing: EU and Mexico. OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Garrido, A., Donoso, G., Melo, O., & Solanes, M. (2014). Economic instruments for allocating water and financing services. In:Willaarts BA, Garrido A, Llamas MR (eds)Water for food and Wellbeing in Latin America and the Caribbean. social and environmental implications for a globalized economy. Routledge, New York, pp.343–364.
  • Gerards, H. (1994). Irrigation Service Fees (ISF) in Indonesia: Toward Irrigation Co-management with Water Users Associations through Contributions, Voice, Accountability; Discipline and Plain Hand Work, International Conferance on Irrigation Management Transfer. September 20-24, Wuhan, China, Volume I, 57-69p
  • Gilboa, Y., Gal, G., Markel, D., Rimmer, A., Evans, BM., & Friedler, E. (2015). Effect of Land-use Change Scenarios on Nutrients and TSS Loads. Environ Processes 2:593–607
  • Gómez-Limón JA, Riesgo L (2004a) Irrigation water pricing: differential impacts on irrigated farms. Agric Econ 31:47–66
  • Gómez-Limón JA, Riesgo L (2004b) Water pricing: analysis of differential impacts on heterogeneous farmers. Water Resour Res 40:W07S05
  • Gómez-Limón, J.A., & Riesgo, L. (2012). Agriculture and economics in the Water Framework Directive: progress and limitations. Water Policy 14, 31–14.
  • Grassi, J.C. (1990). Irrigation Management, Irrigation Management in Latin America, International Irrigation Management Instıtute, Colombo, 1-13p
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There are 87 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cengiz Koç 0000-0001-7310-073X

Nedim Özdemir 0000-0001-7410-6113

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 23

Cite

APA Koç, C., & Özdemir, N. (2021). Ülkemizde ve Bazı Ülkelerde Sulama Şebekelerinin Finansmanı ve Sulama Suyu Ücretleri. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(23), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.865591