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Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 217 - 230, 29.12.2020

Gülşen Altuğ Mine Çardak Pelin Saliha Çiftçi Türetken Sevan Gürün Samet Kalkan

Abstract

Sucul ekosistemlerde bakterilerin organik maddelerin bozunma süreçlerinde ve besin yenilenmesinde önemli bir role sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple bakteriyel fonksiyonların tanımlanması için çevresel koşulların değişkenliği-ne bağlı olarak bakteriyel metabolik cevabın farklılığını ortaya koymak deniz ekosisteminin bakteriyolojik verilerle tanımlanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2000-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye Denizlerinden farklı çalışmalar kapsamında aseptik koşullarda toplanan deniz suyu örneklerinden izole edilen ve stoklanan Gram nega-tif, Gram pozitif ve Bacilli bakteri izolatlarının metabolik özellikleri bakterilerin substratlara karşı verdikleri reaksi-yon açısından değerlendirilerek, coğrafik olarak heterotrofik aktivite farklılıkları tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca metabolik olarak aktif bakteri frekansının bölgesel farklılıkları değerlendirilmiştir. Deniz suyu örneklerinde kültür edilebilir bakterilerin izolasyonu yayma plak metodu kullanılarak yapılmış, saflaştırılan izolatların metabolik tanımlamaları için VITEK2 Compact 30 mikro tanımlama sistemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bakterilerin substratlara karşı reaksi-yonları ve bakteriyel metabolik aktivasyon düzeylerine yönelik veriler Türkiye Denizlerinde bakteriyel oluşumların çevresel faktörlere maruz kalış şekline göre karakterize olmuştur. Kıyısal alanlarda karbonhidrat metabolizması ile ilgili enzimleri üreten ayrıca lipolitik ve proteolitik enzim aktivitesine sahip Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphapro-teobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Flavobacteria ve Sphingobacteria sınıflarına ait izolatların yüksek düzeyde bulunması karasal kaynaklı insan aktivitesinin kıyısal alanlarda baskısının bakteri metabolizmasına bağlı olarak tanımlanabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma ile 2000-2016 yılları arasında farklı çalışmalarımızla Türkiye Denizlerinden izole edilen bakterilerin enzim profillerine bağlı metabolik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması yapılarak deniz alanlarımızın bakteriyel karakterleri karşılaştırılmış ve coğrafik alanlara göre ekosistem fonksiyonlarına yönelik veriler sağlanmıştır.

Keywords

Türkiye Denizleri bakteriyel çeşitlilik heterotrofik aktivite

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK ve İ.Ü. BAP BİRİMİ

Project Number

105Y039 110Y243, 12Y236, 114Y690 - 588/1408, 20928, 3137, 24579, 39553, 17653

Thanks

Bu çalışma Türkiye Denizlerinde 2000 yılından bu yana gerçekleştirdiğimiz farklı proje verile-rinin birlikte genel değerlendirmelerini kapsamaktadır. Desteklerinden dolayı TÜBİTAK (Pro-jeler: 105Y039 110Y243, 12Y236, 114Y690) ve İ.Ü. BAP birimine (Projeler: 588/1408, 20928, 3137, 24579, 39553, 17653) teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Altuğ G., Bayrak,Y. (2003). The Contribution of Capsulated Bacteria to the Total Bacterial Community in the Water Column of the Northern Marmara Sea, Küçükçekmece Lagoon and Strait of Istanbul, Turkey. Turkish Journal Marine Sciences. 9(2): 111-120.
  • Altuğ G., Çardak M., Gürün S., Çiftçi P.S. 2010a. Biodiversity of culturable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal areas of Syria, Lebanon and the offshore area in the Northern Aegean Sea. The International Conferance on Biodiversity of the Aquatic Environment” Towards a Diverse and Sustainable World. Syria.
  • Altuğ G., Gürün S., Çiftçi Türetken P.S., Hulyar O. 2010b. Marmara Denizi, İstanbul İli Kıyısal Alanında Patojen Bakteriler ve Bakteriyolojik Kirlilik, Marmara Denizi 2010 Sempozyumu, İstanbul, Türkiye, 25-26 Eylül 2010, no.32, ss.422-429.
  • Altuğ G., Aktan Y., Oral M., Topaloğlu B., Dede A., Keskin Ç., İşinibilir M., Çardak M., Çiftçi P.S. 2011. Biodiversity of the northern Aegean Sea and southern part of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey”. Marine Biodiversity Records. 4: 1-17.
  • Altuğ G., Çardak M., Çiftçi P. S. Gürün, S. 2012a. First records and micro-geographical variations of culturable heterotrophic bacteria in an inner sea (the Sea of Marmara) between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Biology. 37: 184-90.
  • Altuğ G., Gurun S., Cardak M., Ciftci P. S., Kalkan S. 2012b. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in some ships’ ballast water incoming from various marine regions to the Sea of Marmara, Turkey”. Marine Environmental Research. 81: 35-42.
  • Altuğ G., Çiftçi Türetken P.S., Gürün S., Kalkan S., Topaloğlu B. 2012c. Screening of potential anti-bacterial activity of marine sponge extracts from Gökceada Island Aegean Sea, Turkey”. Ed. C. Turan First National Workshop On Marine Biotechnology and Genomics 24-25 May 2012 Bodrum, Turkey Publication Number 36.
  • Altuğ G., Balkıs N., Çardak M., Gürün S., Çiftçi Türetken P.S., Kalkan S., Hulyar O. 2013. Güllük Körfezi ekosisteminin bakteriyolojik analizlerle araştırılması. TÜBİTAK 110Y243 no’lu Proje Kesin Raporu.
  • Altuğ G., Saraç A., Ergüner B., Yücetürk B., Yüksel B., Sağıroğlu M.S., ve ark. 2016. Karadeniz’in oksik, suboksik ve anoksik zonlarının metagenomik örneklerinin mikrobiyal çeşitliliği Sinop, Türkiye. Türkiye Deniz Bilimleri Kongresi, Ankara, Türkiye, 31 Mayıs - 3 Haziran 2016, ss.98-99.
  • Antunes J., Leao P., Vasconcelos V. 2019. Marine biofilms: diversity of communities and of chemical cues. Environmental Microbiology Reports. 11(3): 287-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12694
  • Arnosti C., Durkin S., Jeffrey W.H. 2005. Patterns of extracellular enzyme activities among pelagic marine microbial communities: implications for cycling of dissolvedorganic carbon”. Aquat Microbial Ecology. 38: 135–45.
  • Austin B. 1988. Marine Microbiology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 0 521 32252 9.
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  • Azam, F., Malfatti, F. 2007. “Microbial structuring of marine ecosystems”. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 5:782–791.
  • Batra N., Singh J., Banerjee U.C., Patnaik P.R., Sobti R.C. 2002. Production and characterization of a thermostable ß-galactosidase from Bacillus coagulans RCS3. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 36: 1–6.
  • Benincasa M., Contiero J., Manresa M.A., Moraes I.O. (2002). Rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI growing on soapstock as the sole carbon source. Journal of Food Engineering. 54: 283–288.
  • Benincasa M., Abalos A., Oliveira I., Manresa A. (2004). Chemical structure, surface properties and biological activities of the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI from soapstock. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 85: 1–8.
  • Bolhuis H., Cretoiu M.S. 2016. What is so Special About Marine Microorganisms? Introduction to the Marine Microbiome—From Diversity to Biotechnological Potential. In: Stal L., Cretoiu M. (eds) The Marine Microbiome. Springer, Cham
  • Borrego, J.J., Arrabal, A., De Vicente, A., Gomez, L.F., Romero,P. 1983. Study of microbial inactivation in the marine enviroment. Journal of WPCF, 55(3): 297-302.
  • Catão ECP, Pollet T, Misson B, Garnier C, Ghiglione J-F, Barry-Martinet R, Maintenay M, Bressy C and Briand J-F. 2019. Shear Stress as a Major Driver of Marine Biofilm Communities in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Front. Microbiol. 10:1768. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01768
  • Caruso G. 2010. Leucine aminopeptidase, beta-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase activity rates and their significance in nutrient cycles in some coastal Mediterraneansites. Marine Drugs. 8: 916–940.
  • Carlson, C.A., Del Giorgio, P.A., Herndl, G.J. 2007. Microbes and the dissipation of energy and respiration: from cells to ecosystems. Oceanography. 20:89–100.
  • Chang J. S., Chou C., Lin Y. C., Lin P. J., Ho J. Y., Hu T. L. (2001). Kinetic Characteristics of Bacterial Azo-Dye Decolorization By Pseudomonas luteola. Wat. Res. Vol. 35(12): 2841-2850.
  • Cornax, R., Morinigo, M.A., Romero, P., Borrego, J.J. 1990. Survival of pathogenic microorganisms in sea water, Current Microbiology, 20: 293-298.
  • Çardak M., Altug G., Çiftçi P.S. 2015. Variations of Culturable and MetabolicallyActive Bacteria in a Stratified Water Column: The Example ofIstanbul and Çanakkale Straits, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Research. 9(4):1333-1340.
  • Fuhrman, J.A., McCallum, K., Davis A.L.. 1993. Phylogenetic diversity of marine microbial communities from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, Applied Environmental Microbiology, 59: 1294-1302.
  • Gasol J.M., Pinhassi J., Alonso-Saez L., Ducklow H., Herndl G.J., Koblízek M., Labrenz M., Luo Y., Morán X.A.G., Reinthaler T., Simon M. 2008. Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 53: 21–38.
  • Gawande B. N., Goel A., Patkar A. Y., Nene S. N. 1999. Puri®cation and properties of a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus firmus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 51: 504-509.
  • Heissenberger A., Leppard G.G., Herndl J.G. 1996. Relationship between the intracellular integrity and morpology of the capsular envelope in attached and free-living marine bacteria, Applied Environmental Microbiology, 62:4521-4528.
  • Ilhan S., Nourbakhsh M.N., Kiliçarslan S., Ozdag H. (2004). Removal of Chromium, Lead and Copper Ions from Industrıal Waste Waters by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Turkish Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 2: 50-57.
  • Kalkan S., Altuğ G. 2015. Bio-indicator bacteria & environmental variables of the coastal zones: The example of the Gulluk Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey", Marine Pollution Bulletin, 95: 380-384.
  • Kim P.I., Sohng J. K., Sung C., Joo H.S., Kim E.M., Yamaguchi T., Park D., Kim B.G. (2010). Characterization and structure identification of an antimicrobial peptide hominicin, produced by Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2–9. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 399: 133-138.
  • Kim A. H., Kim S., Park S., Kim H. K. (2013). Biodiesel production using cross-linked Staphylococcus haemolyticus lipase immobilized on solid polymeric carriers. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 85-86: 10-16.
  • Kim S., Song J. K., Kim H. K. (2013). Cell surface display of Staphylococcus haemolyticus L62 lipase in Escherichia coli and its application as a whole cell biocatalyst forbiodiesel production. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 97: 54-61.
  • Kremen C. 2005. Managing ecosystem services: what do we need to know about their ecology. Ecology Letters. 8: 468–79.
  • Kumar R., Mishra A., Jha B. 2019. Bacterial community structure and functional diversity in subsurface seawater from the western coastal ecosystem of the Arabian Sea, India. Gene. 701: 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.099
  • La Ferla R., Azzaro, F., Azzaro, M., ve ark. 2005. Microbial processes contribution to carbon biogeochemistry in the Mediterranean sea: spatial and temporal scalevariability of activities and biomass. Journal of Marine System. 57: 146–166.
  • Lailaja V. P., Chandrasekaran M. (2013). Detergent compatible alkaline lipase produced by marine Bacillus smithii BTMS 11. World J Biotechnol. 29:1349-1360.
  • Mosbah H., Sayari A., Mejdoub H., Dhouib H., Gargouri Y. (2005). Biochemical and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus xylosus lipase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1723: 282– 291.
  • Mosbah H., Sayari A., Bezzine S., Gargouri Y. (2006). Expression, puriWcation, and characterization of His-tagged Staphylococcus xylosus lipase wild-type and its mutant Asp 290 Ala. Protein Expression and PuriWcation 47: 516-523.
  • Narayanan A., Ramana K.V. (2012). Polyhydroxybutyrate production in Bacillus mycoides DFC1 using response surface optimization for physico-chemical process parameters. 3 Biotech. 2(4): 287-296.
  • Pincus D. H. 2010. Microbial identification using the bioMerieux VITEK 2 system, Encyclopedia of Rapid Microbiological Methods,, Michael, J.M., Ed.; PDS/DHI.
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  • Türetken Çiftçi P.S., Altuğ G. 2016. Bacterial pollution, activity and heterotrophic diversity of the northern part of the Aegean Sea, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol.188.
  • Ullah R., Yasir M., Bibi F., Abujamel T.S.,Hashem A. M., Sohrab S. S., Al-Ansari A., Al-Sofyani A.A., Al-Ghamdi A. K., Al-sieni A., Azhar E. I. 2019. Taxonomic diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes in the Red Sea coast . Science of The Total Environment. 677: 474-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.283
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Bacterial Roles in the Marine Ecosystem; A Sample Case of Turkish Marine Bacteria

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 217 - 230, 29.12.2020

Gülşen Altuğ Mine Çardak Pelin Saliha Çiftçi Türetken Sevan Gürün Samet Kalkan

Abstract

In  aquatic ecosystems, bacteria are known to play an important role in the degradation processes of organic substances and in nutritional regeneration. For this reason, it is important to define the functioning of the marine ecosystem to determine the difference of bacterial metabolic response depending on the variability of environmental conditions for the identification of bacterial functions. In this study, metabolic properties of Gram-negative, Gram-positive and Bacilli bacteria isolates isolated and stocked from sea water samples collected in aseptic conditions between 2000 and 2016 were evaluated and heterotrophic activity differences were defined geographically according to the reaction of bacteria against substrates. In addition, regional differences in metabolically active bacterial frequency were evaluated. VITEK2 Compact 30 micro identification system was used for metabolic identification of purified isolates. The data on the reactions of bacteria against substrates and the levels of bacterial metabolic activation were characterized by the way bacterial formations were exposed to environmental factors in the Turkish Seas. In coastal areas carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes with lipolytic and proteolytic enzyme activity are also producing Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Flavobacterium and Sphingobacterium isolates belonging to classes of human activity the presence of a high level of terrestrial origin in coastal areas has shown that the metabolism of bacteria can be defined depending on the pressure. With this study, the metabolic properties of bacteria isolated from Turkish Seas were compared with enzyme profiles and the bacterial characters of our marine areas were compared and data regarding ecosystem functions were provided according to geographical areas.

Keywords

Turkish Seas bacterial biodiversity heterotrophic activity

Project Number

105Y039 110Y243, 12Y236, 114Y690 - 588/1408, 20928, 3137, 24579, 39553, 17653

References

  • Altuğ G., Bayrak,Y. (2003). The Contribution of Capsulated Bacteria to the Total Bacterial Community in the Water Column of the Northern Marmara Sea, Küçükçekmece Lagoon and Strait of Istanbul, Turkey. Turkish Journal Marine Sciences. 9(2): 111-120.
  • Altuğ G., Çardak M., Gürün S., Çiftçi P.S. 2010a. Biodiversity of culturable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal areas of Syria, Lebanon and the offshore area in the Northern Aegean Sea. The International Conferance on Biodiversity of the Aquatic Environment” Towards a Diverse and Sustainable World. Syria.
  • Altuğ G., Gürün S., Çiftçi Türetken P.S., Hulyar O. 2010b. Marmara Denizi, İstanbul İli Kıyısal Alanında Patojen Bakteriler ve Bakteriyolojik Kirlilik, Marmara Denizi 2010 Sempozyumu, İstanbul, Türkiye, 25-26 Eylül 2010, no.32, ss.422-429.
  • Altuğ G., Aktan Y., Oral M., Topaloğlu B., Dede A., Keskin Ç., İşinibilir M., Çardak M., Çiftçi P.S. 2011. Biodiversity of the northern Aegean Sea and southern part of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey”. Marine Biodiversity Records. 4: 1-17.
  • Altuğ G., Çardak M., Çiftçi P. S. Gürün, S. 2012a. First records and micro-geographical variations of culturable heterotrophic bacteria in an inner sea (the Sea of Marmara) between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Biology. 37: 184-90.
  • Altuğ G., Gurun S., Cardak M., Ciftci P. S., Kalkan S. 2012b. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in some ships’ ballast water incoming from various marine regions to the Sea of Marmara, Turkey”. Marine Environmental Research. 81: 35-42.
  • Altuğ G., Çiftçi Türetken P.S., Gürün S., Kalkan S., Topaloğlu B. 2012c. Screening of potential anti-bacterial activity of marine sponge extracts from Gökceada Island Aegean Sea, Turkey”. Ed. C. Turan First National Workshop On Marine Biotechnology and Genomics 24-25 May 2012 Bodrum, Turkey Publication Number 36.
  • Altuğ G., Balkıs N., Çardak M., Gürün S., Çiftçi Türetken P.S., Kalkan S., Hulyar O. 2013. Güllük Körfezi ekosisteminin bakteriyolojik analizlerle araştırılması. TÜBİTAK 110Y243 no’lu Proje Kesin Raporu.
  • Altuğ G., Saraç A., Ergüner B., Yücetürk B., Yüksel B., Sağıroğlu M.S., ve ark. 2016. Karadeniz’in oksik, suboksik ve anoksik zonlarının metagenomik örneklerinin mikrobiyal çeşitliliği Sinop, Türkiye. Türkiye Deniz Bilimleri Kongresi, Ankara, Türkiye, 31 Mayıs - 3 Haziran 2016, ss.98-99.
  • Antunes J., Leao P., Vasconcelos V. 2019. Marine biofilms: diversity of communities and of chemical cues. Environmental Microbiology Reports. 11(3): 287-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12694
  • Arnosti C., Durkin S., Jeffrey W.H. 2005. Patterns of extracellular enzyme activities among pelagic marine microbial communities: implications for cycling of dissolvedorganic carbon”. Aquat Microbial Ecology. 38: 135–45.
  • Austin B. 1988. Marine Microbiology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 0 521 32252 9.
  • Azam, F., Cho, B.C., 1987, Bacterial utilization of organic matter in the sea, In: Ecology of microbial communities. (Fletcher M. Ed.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 261-268.
  • Azam, F., Malfatti, F. 2007. “Microbial structuring of marine ecosystems”. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 5:782–791.
  • Batra N., Singh J., Banerjee U.C., Patnaik P.R., Sobti R.C. 2002. Production and characterization of a thermostable ß-galactosidase from Bacillus coagulans RCS3. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 36: 1–6.
  • Benincasa M., Contiero J., Manresa M.A., Moraes I.O. (2002). Rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI growing on soapstock as the sole carbon source. Journal of Food Engineering. 54: 283–288.
  • Benincasa M., Abalos A., Oliveira I., Manresa A. (2004). Chemical structure, surface properties and biological activities of the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI from soapstock. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 85: 1–8.
  • Bolhuis H., Cretoiu M.S. 2016. What is so Special About Marine Microorganisms? Introduction to the Marine Microbiome—From Diversity to Biotechnological Potential. In: Stal L., Cretoiu M. (eds) The Marine Microbiome. Springer, Cham
  • Borrego, J.J., Arrabal, A., De Vicente, A., Gomez, L.F., Romero,P. 1983. Study of microbial inactivation in the marine enviroment. Journal of WPCF, 55(3): 297-302.
  • Catão ECP, Pollet T, Misson B, Garnier C, Ghiglione J-F, Barry-Martinet R, Maintenay M, Bressy C and Briand J-F. 2019. Shear Stress as a Major Driver of Marine Biofilm Communities in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Front. Microbiol. 10:1768. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01768
  • Caruso G. 2010. Leucine aminopeptidase, beta-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase activity rates and their significance in nutrient cycles in some coastal Mediterraneansites. Marine Drugs. 8: 916–940.
  • Carlson, C.A., Del Giorgio, P.A., Herndl, G.J. 2007. Microbes and the dissipation of energy and respiration: from cells to ecosystems. Oceanography. 20:89–100.
  • Chang J. S., Chou C., Lin Y. C., Lin P. J., Ho J. Y., Hu T. L. (2001). Kinetic Characteristics of Bacterial Azo-Dye Decolorization By Pseudomonas luteola. Wat. Res. Vol. 35(12): 2841-2850.
  • Cornax, R., Morinigo, M.A., Romero, P., Borrego, J.J. 1990. Survival of pathogenic microorganisms in sea water, Current Microbiology, 20: 293-298.
  • Çardak M., Altug G., Çiftçi P.S. 2015. Variations of Culturable and MetabolicallyActive Bacteria in a Stratified Water Column: The Example ofIstanbul and Çanakkale Straits, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Research. 9(4):1333-1340.
  • Fuhrman, J.A., McCallum, K., Davis A.L.. 1993. Phylogenetic diversity of marine microbial communities from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, Applied Environmental Microbiology, 59: 1294-1302.
  • Gasol J.M., Pinhassi J., Alonso-Saez L., Ducklow H., Herndl G.J., Koblízek M., Labrenz M., Luo Y., Morán X.A.G., Reinthaler T., Simon M. 2008. Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 53: 21–38.
  • Gawande B. N., Goel A., Patkar A. Y., Nene S. N. 1999. Puri®cation and properties of a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus firmus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 51: 504-509.
  • Heissenberger A., Leppard G.G., Herndl J.G. 1996. Relationship between the intracellular integrity and morpology of the capsular envelope in attached and free-living marine bacteria, Applied Environmental Microbiology, 62:4521-4528.
  • Ilhan S., Nourbakhsh M.N., Kiliçarslan S., Ozdag H. (2004). Removal of Chromium, Lead and Copper Ions from Industrıal Waste Waters by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Turkish Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 2: 50-57.
  • Kalkan S., Altuğ G. 2015. Bio-indicator bacteria & environmental variables of the coastal zones: The example of the Gulluk Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey", Marine Pollution Bulletin, 95: 380-384.
  • Kim P.I., Sohng J. K., Sung C., Joo H.S., Kim E.M., Yamaguchi T., Park D., Kim B.G. (2010). Characterization and structure identification of an antimicrobial peptide hominicin, produced by Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2–9. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 399: 133-138.
  • Kim A. H., Kim S., Park S., Kim H. K. (2013). Biodiesel production using cross-linked Staphylococcus haemolyticus lipase immobilized on solid polymeric carriers. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 85-86: 10-16.
  • Kim S., Song J. K., Kim H. K. (2013). Cell surface display of Staphylococcus haemolyticus L62 lipase in Escherichia coli and its application as a whole cell biocatalyst forbiodiesel production. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 97: 54-61.
  • Kremen C. 2005. Managing ecosystem services: what do we need to know about their ecology. Ecology Letters. 8: 468–79.
  • Kumar R., Mishra A., Jha B. 2019. Bacterial community structure and functional diversity in subsurface seawater from the western coastal ecosystem of the Arabian Sea, India. Gene. 701: 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.099
  • La Ferla R., Azzaro, F., Azzaro, M., ve ark. 2005. Microbial processes contribution to carbon biogeochemistry in the Mediterranean sea: spatial and temporal scalevariability of activities and biomass. Journal of Marine System. 57: 146–166.
  • Lailaja V. P., Chandrasekaran M. (2013). Detergent compatible alkaline lipase produced by marine Bacillus smithii BTMS 11. World J Biotechnol. 29:1349-1360.
  • Mosbah H., Sayari A., Mejdoub H., Dhouib H., Gargouri Y. (2005). Biochemical and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus xylosus lipase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1723: 282– 291.
  • Mosbah H., Sayari A., Bezzine S., Gargouri Y. (2006). Expression, puriWcation, and characterization of His-tagged Staphylococcus xylosus lipase wild-type and its mutant Asp 290 Ala. Protein Expression and PuriWcation 47: 516-523.
  • Narayanan A., Ramana K.V. (2012). Polyhydroxybutyrate production in Bacillus mycoides DFC1 using response surface optimization for physico-chemical process parameters. 3 Biotech. 2(4): 287-296.
  • Pincus D. H. 2010. Microbial identification using the bioMerieux VITEK 2 system, Encyclopedia of Rapid Microbiological Methods,, Michael, J.M., Ed.; PDS/DHI.
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Gülşen Altuğ 0000-0003-3251-7699

Mine Çardak This is me 0000-0003-1383-4875

Pelin Saliha Çiftçi Türetken 0000-0002-4377-1628

Sevan Gürün This is me 0000-0001-9094-1573

Samet Kalkan 0000-0002-5110-5609

Project Number 105Y039 110Y243, 12Y236, 114Y690 - 588/1408, 20928, 3137, 24579, 39553, 17653
Early Pub Date June 10, 2022
Publication Date December 29, 2020
Acceptance Date August 27, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Altuğ, G., Çardak, M., Çiftçi Türetken, P. S., Gürün, S., et al. (2020). Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 217-230.
AMA Altuğ G, Çardak M, Çiftçi Türetken PS, Gürün S, Kalkan S. Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. December 2020;6(2):217-230.
Chicago Altuğ, Gülşen, Mine Çardak, Pelin Saliha Çiftçi Türetken, Sevan Gürün, and Samet Kalkan. “Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, no. 2 (December 2020): 217-30.
EndNote Altuğ G, Çardak M, Çiftçi Türetken PS, Gürün S, Kalkan S (December 1, 2020) Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 2 217–230.
IEEE G. Altuğ, M. Çardak, P. S. Çiftçi Türetken, S. Gürün, and S. Kalkan, “Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği”, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 217–230, 2020.
ISNAD Altuğ, Gülşen et al. “Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6/2 (December 2020), 217-230.
JAMA Altuğ G, Çardak M, Çiftçi Türetken PS, Gürün S, Kalkan S. Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;6:217–230.
MLA Altuğ, Gülşen et al. “Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, 2020, pp. 217-30.
Vancouver Altuğ G, Çardak M, Çiftçi Türetken PS, Gürün S, Kalkan S. Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Bakterileri Örneği. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;6(2):217-30.

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