Research Article
Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nde (Adıyaman) Yakalanan Cyprinus carpio’nun Dokularındaki Kurşun, Kadmiyum, Krom, Demir, Çinko ve Bakır Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Tarımsal sulama ve elektrik enerjisi üretimi için Fırat Nehri üzerine kurulan Atatürk Barajı Türkiye’deki en büyük barajdır. Baraj gölünde insanların birinci derecede besin kaynağı olan birçok balık türü yaşamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu barajdaki olası bir kirlilik sadece balıkları değil insan sağlığını da olumsuz etkileyecektir. Bu amaçla sunulan çalışmada baraj gölünün iki farklı bölgesinden (Sitilce ve Samsat) 2021 Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında yakalanan ve yöre halkının da besin kaynağını oluşturan Cyprinus carpio’nun solungaç, karaciğer ve kas dokusu; kurşun, kadmiyum, krom, demir, çinko ve bakır düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Araştırmamızda her iki bölge balıklarında kurşun düzeyi tüm dokularda, kadmiyum ise solungaç ve kas dokusunda tespit edilememiştir Sitilce bölgesi balıklarında tespit edilen tüm metallerin düzeylerinin Samsat bölgesi balıklarından istatistiksel olarak farklı olmadığı bulunmuştur (sadece karaciğer demir düzeyi hariç). Araştırma sonuçlarımız besin güvenirliği ve insanların tüketimi açısından C. carpio’nun kas dokusundaki ağır metal düzeylerinin yasal olarak izin verilen limitlerin altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca önceki çalışmalarla karşılaştırıldığında faaliyete geçen atık su arıtma tesislerinden sonra balıkların dokularındaki ağır metal düzeylerinde azalmalar olduğu da belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi
Project Number
FEFYL/2020-0005
Thanks
Sunulan çalışma Adıyaman Üniversitesi (ADYÜ) Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalında yürütülen Yüksek Lisans Tez çalışmasından üretilmiştir. Bu araştırma FEFYL/2020-0005 nolu ADYÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi ile yürütülmüş olup ADYÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Biriminin değerli yöneticilerine ve çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Alaş, A., Özcan, M.M. & Harmankaya, M. (2014). Mineral contents of the head, caudal, central fleshy part, and spinal columns of some fishes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 889–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3429-3
- Alkan Uçkun, A. (2017). Ecotoxicological evaluation of pesticide pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates River), Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17, 313-321. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17_2_10
- Alkan Uçkun, A., Yoloğlu, E., & Uçkun, M. (2017). Seasonal Monitoring of Metals in Water, Sediment and Mussel (Unio mancus) from Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates River). Van Veterinary Journal, 28(2), 75-83.
- Ashraf, M.A., Maah, M.J., & Yusoff, I. (2012). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species collected from former tin mining catchment. International Journal of Environmental Research, 6(1), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJER.2011.487
- Bayhan, Y.K. (2021). The fish fauna of the Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman/Turkey). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 6, 237-255 https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1036854
- Briffa, J., Sinagra, E., & Blundell, R. (2020). Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon, 6(9), e04691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691
- Caglar, M., Canpolat, O., & Selamoglu, Z. (2019). Determination of some heavy metal levels in three freshwater fish in Keban Dam Lake (Turkey) for public consumption. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18, 188-198. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.117890
- Canli, E.G. (2021). Alterations on the activities of ion ATPases in the gill and muscle of freshwater mussel (Unio tigridis) exposed to copper. Commangene Journal of Biology, 5(2), 150-155. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1020323
- Dinç, H., & Dörtbudak, M.Y. (2020). Investigation of toxic effects of heavy metal level in Atatürk Dam. Experimental and Applied Medical Science, 1, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.46871/eams.2020.3
- Eroğlu, M., Düşükcan, M., Canpolat, Ö., Çalta, M., & Şen, D. (2017). Determination of some heavy metals in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794) in terms of public health. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 63, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.5.1
- FAO (1983). Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fisheries Circular, 464, 5-100.
- Fırat, Ö. (2016). Evaluation of metal concentrations in fish species from Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) in relation to human health. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25, 3629-3634.
- Fırat O., & Alıcı, M.F. (2012). Assessment of pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) using several biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0728-2
- Fırat, Ö., Fırat, Ö., Çoğun, H.Y., Aytekin, T., Firidin, G., Temiz, Ö., Sağ, H., & Kargın, F. (2018). Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nün kirli ve temiz bölgelerinden yakalanan balıkların (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843, Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811, Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758) dokularındaki ağır metal düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 173-183.
- Gümüş, N.E., & Akköz, C. (2021). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the water, sediment and the tissues of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Eber Lake. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(4), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.12
- Karadag, H., Fırat, Ö., & Fırat, Ö. (2014). Use of oxidative stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio L. for the evaluation of water pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92, 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1187-0
- Kaya, G., & Turkoglu, S. (2018). Toxic and essential metals in Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, and Luciobarbus esocinus tissues from Keban Dam Lake, Pertek, Turkey. Food Additives & Contaminants, 11, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2017.1350208
- Korkmaz, C., Ay, O., Çolakfakioglu, C., Cicik, B., & Erdem, C. (2017). Heavy metal levels in muscle tissues of Solea solea, Mullus barbatus and Sardina pilchardus marketed for consumption in Mersin, Turkey, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 228, 315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3503-5
- Köse, E., Emiroglu, O., Çiçek, A., Aksu, S., Baskurt, S., Tokatli, C., Sahin, M. & Ugurluoglu, A. (2020). Assessment of ecologic quality in terms of heavy metal concentrations in sediment and fish on Sakarya River and dam lakes, Turkey. Soil And Sediment Contamination, 29, 292-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2019.1705755
- Luczynska, J., Pietrzak-Fiecko, R., Purkiewicz, A., & Luczynski, M.J. (2022). Assessment of fish quality based on the content of heavy metals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042307
- Mert, R., Alas, A., Bulut, S., & Özcan, M.M. (2014). Determination of heavy metal contents in some freshwater fishes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 8017-8022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3984
- Nyantakyi, A.J., Akoto, O., & Fei-Baffoe, B. (2019). Seasonal variations in heavy metals in water and sediment samples from River Tano in the Bono, Bono east, and Ahafo regions, Ghana. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191, 570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7744-1
- Olgunoğlu, İ.A., Bayhan, Y.K., Olgunoğlu, M.P., Artar, E., & Ukav, İ., (2014). Adıyaman ilinde balıketi tüketim alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 9, 21-25.
- Tore, Y., Ustaoglu, F., Tepe Y., & Kalipci E. (2021). Levels of toxic metals in edible fish species of the Tigris River (Turkey); Threat to public health. Ecological Indicators, 123, 107361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107361
- TUİK (2013). Su ürünleri istatistikleri. Ankara, Türkiye, 75 pp.
- Turkish Food Codex (2011). Official Gazette No. 5996, 29.12.2011-28157.
- USEPA (2000). Guidance for assessing chemical contaminant, data for use in fish advisories, vol.1. Fish sampling and Analysis. 3rd ed. EPA 823-R-95-007. Office of Water: Washington, DC.
- WHO (1999). Food safety issues associated with product from aquaculture. WHO Technical Report Series, 883.
- Alhas, E., Oymak, S.A., & Karadede-Akin, H. (2009). Heavy metal concentrations in two barb, Barbus xanthopterus and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus from Atatürk Dam Lake, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 148, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0134-0
Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, Chrome, Iron, Zinc and Copper Levels in Tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman)
Abstract
Atatürk Dam Lake, which was established on the Euphrates River for agricultural irrigation and electricity production, is the largest dam lake in Türkiye. Many fish species, which are the primary food source for humans, live in the dam lake. Therefore, possible pollution in this dam will adversely affect not only fish but also human health. For this purpose, in this study, lead, cadmium, chromium, iron, zinc, and copper levels were measured in the liver, gill, and muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio, which was the food source of the local people, caught from two different regions (Sitilce and Samsat) of the dam lake in August and September in 2021. In our study, lead was not detected in any of the tissues and cadmium was not detected in gill and muscle tissues in fish from both regions. It was found that the levels of all metals found in the fish of the Sitilce region were not statistically different from the fish of the Samsat region (except the liver iron level). Our research results showed that the heavy metal levels in the muscle tissue of C. carpio were below the legally permissible limits in terms of nutritional safety and human consumption. In addition, when compared with previous studies, it was determined that there was a decrease in heavy metal levels in the tissues of fish after the wastewater treatment plants were established.
Keywords
Project Number
FEFYL/2020-0005
References
- Alaş, A., Özcan, M.M. & Harmankaya, M. (2014). Mineral contents of the head, caudal, central fleshy part, and spinal columns of some fishes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 889–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3429-3
- Alkan Uçkun, A. (2017). Ecotoxicological evaluation of pesticide pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates River), Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17, 313-321. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17_2_10
- Alkan Uçkun, A., Yoloğlu, E., & Uçkun, M. (2017). Seasonal Monitoring of Metals in Water, Sediment and Mussel (Unio mancus) from Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates River). Van Veterinary Journal, 28(2), 75-83.
- Ashraf, M.A., Maah, M.J., & Yusoff, I. (2012). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species collected from former tin mining catchment. International Journal of Environmental Research, 6(1), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJER.2011.487
- Bayhan, Y.K. (2021). The fish fauna of the Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman/Turkey). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 6, 237-255 https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1036854
- Briffa, J., Sinagra, E., & Blundell, R. (2020). Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon, 6(9), e04691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691
- Caglar, M., Canpolat, O., & Selamoglu, Z. (2019). Determination of some heavy metal levels in three freshwater fish in Keban Dam Lake (Turkey) for public consumption. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18, 188-198. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.117890
- Canli, E.G. (2021). Alterations on the activities of ion ATPases in the gill and muscle of freshwater mussel (Unio tigridis) exposed to copper. Commangene Journal of Biology, 5(2), 150-155. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1020323
- Dinç, H., & Dörtbudak, M.Y. (2020). Investigation of toxic effects of heavy metal level in Atatürk Dam. Experimental and Applied Medical Science, 1, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.46871/eams.2020.3
- Eroğlu, M., Düşükcan, M., Canpolat, Ö., Çalta, M., & Şen, D. (2017). Determination of some heavy metals in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794) in terms of public health. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 63, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.5.1
- FAO (1983). Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fisheries Circular, 464, 5-100.
- Fırat, Ö. (2016). Evaluation of metal concentrations in fish species from Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) in relation to human health. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25, 3629-3634.
- Fırat O., & Alıcı, M.F. (2012). Assessment of pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) using several biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0728-2
- Fırat, Ö., Fırat, Ö., Çoğun, H.Y., Aytekin, T., Firidin, G., Temiz, Ö., Sağ, H., & Kargın, F. (2018). Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nün kirli ve temiz bölgelerinden yakalanan balıkların (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843, Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811, Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758) dokularındaki ağır metal düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 173-183.
- Gümüş, N.E., & Akköz, C. (2021). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the water, sediment and the tissues of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Eber Lake. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(4), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.12
- Karadag, H., Fırat, Ö., & Fırat, Ö. (2014). Use of oxidative stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio L. for the evaluation of water pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92, 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1187-0
- Kaya, G., & Turkoglu, S. (2018). Toxic and essential metals in Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, and Luciobarbus esocinus tissues from Keban Dam Lake, Pertek, Turkey. Food Additives & Contaminants, 11, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2017.1350208
- Korkmaz, C., Ay, O., Çolakfakioglu, C., Cicik, B., & Erdem, C. (2017). Heavy metal levels in muscle tissues of Solea solea, Mullus barbatus and Sardina pilchardus marketed for consumption in Mersin, Turkey, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 228, 315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3503-5
- Köse, E., Emiroglu, O., Çiçek, A., Aksu, S., Baskurt, S., Tokatli, C., Sahin, M. & Ugurluoglu, A. (2020). Assessment of ecologic quality in terms of heavy metal concentrations in sediment and fish on Sakarya River and dam lakes, Turkey. Soil And Sediment Contamination, 29, 292-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2019.1705755
- Luczynska, J., Pietrzak-Fiecko, R., Purkiewicz, A., & Luczynski, M.J. (2022). Assessment of fish quality based on the content of heavy metals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042307
- Mert, R., Alas, A., Bulut, S., & Özcan, M.M. (2014). Determination of heavy metal contents in some freshwater fishes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 8017-8022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3984
- Nyantakyi, A.J., Akoto, O., & Fei-Baffoe, B. (2019). Seasonal variations in heavy metals in water and sediment samples from River Tano in the Bono, Bono east, and Ahafo regions, Ghana. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191, 570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7744-1
- Olgunoğlu, İ.A., Bayhan, Y.K., Olgunoğlu, M.P., Artar, E., & Ukav, İ., (2014). Adıyaman ilinde balıketi tüketim alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 9, 21-25.
- Tore, Y., Ustaoglu, F., Tepe Y., & Kalipci E. (2021). Levels of toxic metals in edible fish species of the Tigris River (Turkey); Threat to public health. Ecological Indicators, 123, 107361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107361
- TUİK (2013). Su ürünleri istatistikleri. Ankara, Türkiye, 75 pp.
- Turkish Food Codex (2011). Official Gazette No. 5996, 29.12.2011-28157.
- USEPA (2000). Guidance for assessing chemical contaminant, data for use in fish advisories, vol.1. Fish sampling and Analysis. 3rd ed. EPA 823-R-95-007. Office of Water: Washington, DC.
- WHO (1999). Food safety issues associated with product from aquaculture. WHO Technical Report Series, 883.
- Alhas, E., Oymak, S.A., & Karadede-Akin, H. (2009). Heavy metal concentrations in two barb, Barbus xanthopterus and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus from Atatürk Dam Lake, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 148, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0134-0
There are 29 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Structural Biology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | FEFYL/2020-0005 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2022 |
| Submission Date | February 26, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | March 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |
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