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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 68 - 73, 01.01.2023

Utku Duran Sena Çenesiz Büşra Şahin

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1185283

Abstract

Keywords

Rainbow trout Blood sampling Biochemistry Hematology

References

  • Acerete L, Balasch JC, Espinosa E, Josa A, Tort L. 2004. Physiological responses in Eurasian perch (Perca Fluviatilis, L.) subjected to stress by transport and handling. Aquac, 237(1–4): 167-178.
  • Barton, BA. 2002. Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integr Comp Biol, 42(3): 517-525. DOI: 10.1093/icb/42.3.517.
  • Benay T, Sugeçti S, Büyükgüzel E, Özalp P, Büyükgüzel K. 2021. Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on immune and metabolic parameters of galleria mellonella L. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 107(3): 412-420. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03261-0.
  • Braun N, De Lima RL, Moraes B, Loro VL, Baldisserotto B. 2006. Survival, Growth and biochemical parameters of silver catfish, rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), juveniles exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels. Aquac Res, 37(15): 1524-1531. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01589.x.
  • Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada. 2004. ‘Blood Sampling of Finfish’. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans Animal-User Training Templete. Ottawa, Canada, pp: 1-15
  • Constantinos CM, Gloriana C, Irini S, Alberta P. 2005. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures. Aquac, 246(1): 467-481. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.046.
  • Deveci HA, Kükürt A, Nur G, Kaya İ. 2016. Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758)’da klorprifos-etil uygulamasının sialik asit, malondialdehit ve nitrik oksit düzeylerine etkisi. Kafkas Üniv Fen Bil Enst Derg, 9(2): 46-51.
  • Dobšíková R, Svobodova Z, Blahova J, Modra H, Velíšek J. 2009. The effect of transport on biochemical and haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Czech J Anim Sci, 54(11): 510-518.
  • Duff DW, Olson KR. 1989. Response of rainbow trout to constant-pressure and constant-volume hemorrhage. Am J Physiol, 257(6Pt2): R1307-R1314. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.6.R1307.
  • Duman M, Saticioglu IB, Suzer B, Altun S. 2019. Practices for drawing blood samples from teleost fish. N Am J Aquac, 81(2): 119-125. DOI: 10.1002/naaq.10077.
  • Duran U. 2019. Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Biyokimyasal Parametreler. Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Veterinerlik Biyokimyası Seminer. (Unpublished material).
  • Eissa AE. 2016. Clinical and laboratory manual of fish disease. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Giza, Egypt, pp: 140.
  • Erikson ULF. 2008. Live chilling and carbon dioxide sedation at slaughter of farmed Atlantic salmon: A description of a number of commercial case studies. J Appl Aquac, 20(1):38-61. DOI: 10.1080/10454430802022078.
  • Fagundes M, Elisabeth U. 2008. Stress in pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) during farming procedures. Aquac, 276(1–4): 112-119. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.006.
  • Fazio F. 2019. Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture: A review. Aquac, 500: 237-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.030.
  • FDA. 2020. Guidelines for the preparation and use of MS222 (TMS, Tricaine Methanesulfonate) for animal procedures. 222: 1-5.
  • Gabriel AG, Verónica CF, Miriam NC, Jorge LO, Jaime LRB. 2016. Hematological and clinical chemistry changes induced by acute stress during handling and capture of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Rev MVZ Cordoba, 21(2): 5345–5354. DOI: 10.21897/rmvz.601.
  • Hikasa Y, Takase K, Ogasawara T, Ogasawara S. 1986. Anesthesia and recovery with tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol and thiopental sodium in the carp, Cyprinus carpio. Jpn J Vet Sci, 48(2): 341-351. DOI: 10.1292/jvms1939.48.341.
  • Hille S. 1982. A literature review of the blood chemistry of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Rich. J Fish Biol, 20(5): 535-569. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1982.tb03954.x.
  • Javahery S, Hamed N, Abdolmajid HM. 2012. Effect of anaesthesia with clove oil in fish. Fish Physiol Biochem, 38(6): 1545-1552. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9682-5.
  • Jeffries KM, Hinch SG, Donaldson MR, Gale MK, Burt JM, Thompson LA, Farrell AP, Patterson DA, Miller KM. 2011. Temporal changes in blood variables during final maturation and senescence in male sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka: Reduced osmoregulatory ability can predict mortality. J Fish Biol, 79(2): 449-465. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03042.x.
  • Kaya İ, Özlem Ö, Müge KM, Abdulsamed K, Hacı Ahmet D, Mahmut K. 2021. The effects of organophosphorus pesticides on some biochemical markers in teleosts. New Trends in Health Sciences, Livre de Lyon, Lyon, France, pp: 213-227.
  • Lawrence M, Sofia J, Aaron Z, Dirk A, Kathleen G, Austin G, Steven C. 2018. Are 3-minutes good enough for obtaining baseline physiological samples from teleost fish. Can J Zool, 96(7). DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0093.
  • Lawrence MJ, Graham DR, Amy KT, Ken MJ, Andy JD, Erika JE, Caleb TH, Timothy DC, Steven JC. 2020. Best practices for non-lethal blood sampling of fish via the caudal vasculature. J Fish Biol, 97(1): 4-15. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14339.
  • Martínez-Porchas M, Luis Rafael M, Rogelio R. 2009. Cortisol and glucose: Reliable indicators of fish stress? Panam J Aquat Sci, 4(2): 158-178.
  • Martins T, Enoque D, Luís MF, Luís A. 2018. Evaluation of anaesthetic protocols for laboratory adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One, 13(5): e0197846. DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0197846.
  • McCarthy DH, Stevenson JP, Roberts MS. 1973. Some Blood parameters of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). J Fish Biol, 5(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04425.x.
  • Nabi N, Imtiaz A, Gohar BW. 2022. Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells. Saudi J Biol Sci, 29(4): 2942-2957. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.019.
  • Neiffer DL, Stamper MA. 2009. Fish sedation, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia: Considerations, methods, and types of drugs. ILAR J, 50(4): 343-360. DOI: 10.1093/ilar.50.4.343.
  • Olson KR. 1992. 3 Blood and extracellular fluid volume regulation: role of the renin-angiotensin system, kallikrein-kinin system, and atrial natriuretic peptides. Fish Physiol, 12: 135-254. DOI: 10.1016/S1546-5098(08)60010-2.
  • Pankhurst NW. 2011. General and comparative endocrinology the endocrinology of stress in fish: An environmental perspective. General Compar Endocrinol, 170(2): 265-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.017.
  • Pollock MS, Clarke LMJ, Dubé MG. 2007. The effects of hypoxia on fishes: from ecological relevance to physiological effects. Environ Rev, 15: 1-14. DOI: 10.1139/a06-006.
  • Ramsay JM, Feist GW, Varga ZM, Westerfield M, Kent ML, Schreck CB. 2009. Whole-body cortisol response of zebrafish to acute net handling stress. Aquac, 297(1–4): 157-162. DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2009.08.035.
  • Refaey MM, Li D. 2018. Transport stress changes blood biochemistry, antioxidant defense system, and hepatic HSPs MRNA expressions of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fron Physiol, 9: 1-11. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01628.
  • Reid CH, Vandergoot CS, Midwood JD, Stevens ED, Bowker J, Cooke SJ. 2019. On the electroimmobilization of fishes for research and practice: Opportunities, challenges, and research needs. Fish, 44(12): 576-585. DOI: 10.1002/fsh.10307.
  • Reshma KJ, Sumithra TG, Vishnu B, Jyothi R, Kumar RR, Pootholathil S, Sanil NK. 2020. Indexing serum biochemical attributes of Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal, 1775) to instrument in health assessment. Aquac Res, 51(6): 2590-2602. DOI: 10.1111/are.14601.
  • Ruis MAW, Bayne CJ. 1997. Effects of acute stress on blood clotting and yeast killing by phagocytes of rainbow trout. J Aquat Anim Health, 9(3): 190-195. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0190: EOASOB>2.3.CO;2.
  • Schiffman RH. 1959. Method for Repeated sampling of trout blood. Progres Fish-Cultur, 21(4): 151-153. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8659(1959)21[151: MFRSOT]2.0.CO;2.
  • Sertçelik M, Sugeçti S, Büyükgüzel E, Necefoğlu H, Büyükgüzel K. 2018. Diaquabis (N,N-Dietilnikotinamid-LN1) Bis (4-Formilbenzoato-LO) Kobalt (II) kompleksinin model organizma Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) üzerindeki toksikolojik ve fizyolojik etkileri. Karaelmas Fen Müh Derg, 8(1): 359-364. DOI: 10.7212%2Fzkufbd.v8i1.1207.
  • Smith MD, Warmolts D, Thoney RH, Murray M, Ezcurra J. 2017. Elasmobranch husbandry manual ii: recent advances in the care of sharks, rays and their relatives. Special Publication of the Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, US, pp: 504.
  • Sugeçti S. 2021a. Biochemical and immune responses of model organism galleria mellonella after infection with Escherichia coli. Entomol Exp Appl, 169(10): 911-917. DOI: 10.1111/eea.13092.
  • Sugeçti S. 2021b. Pathophysiological effects of klebsiella pneumoniae infection on galleria mellonella as an invertebrate model organis. Arch Microbiol, 203(6): 3509-3517. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02346-y.
  • Tort L. 2011. Stress and immune modulation in fish. Dev Comp Immunol, 35(12): 1366-1375.
  • Trushenski J, Bowker J. 2012. Effect of voltage and exposure time on fish response to electrosedation. J Fish Wildl Manag, 3(2): 276-287. DOI: 10.3996/102011-JFWM-060.
  • Tuna Keleştemur G, Keleştemur Ü, Selçuk S. 2010. Effect of transportation on the malondialdehyde levels of rainbow trout fry, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Sakarya Univ Fen Bil Enst Derg, 14(2): 119-123.
  • Wedemeyer G, Chatterton K. 1970. Some blood chemistry values for the rainbow trout (Salmo Gairdneri). J Fisher Res Board Canada, 27(6): 1162-1164. DOI: 10.1139/f70-135.
  • Witeska M, Kondera E, Ługowska K, Bojarski B. 2022. Hematological methods in fish – not only for beginners. Aquac, 547: 737498. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737498.
  • Worldfish/CGIAR. 2019. Quick Fish Sampling Guide for Disease Diagnostics: Blood Sampling Guide. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12348/4839 (access date: August 17, 2022).

Blood Sampling Techniques and Preparing for Analysis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 68 - 73, 01.01.2023

Utku Duran Sena Çenesiz Büşra Şahin

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1185283

Abstract

In aquaculture, biochemical and hematological analyzes are frequently performed for scientific research, health screening and diagnosis of diseases. Biochemical and hematological parameters in fish as in other vertebrates varies nutrition, water quality, pathogens and various environmental factors that can create stress. Caudal vascular blood collection is a non-invasive method that is widely used to investigate fish health, biochemistry, and physiology. As a result of this method being performed under the influence of a properly selected anesthetic agent, animal welfare is affected the least, thus preventing a serious change in biochemical parameters with minimum stress. In this review, sampling collection suitable for the analysis to be performed and choosing the right anesthetic agent are presented.

Keywords

Rainbow trout Blood sampling Biochemistry Hematology

References

  • Acerete L, Balasch JC, Espinosa E, Josa A, Tort L. 2004. Physiological responses in Eurasian perch (Perca Fluviatilis, L.) subjected to stress by transport and handling. Aquac, 237(1–4): 167-178.
  • Barton, BA. 2002. Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integr Comp Biol, 42(3): 517-525. DOI: 10.1093/icb/42.3.517.
  • Benay T, Sugeçti S, Büyükgüzel E, Özalp P, Büyükgüzel K. 2021. Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on immune and metabolic parameters of galleria mellonella L. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 107(3): 412-420. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03261-0.
  • Braun N, De Lima RL, Moraes B, Loro VL, Baldisserotto B. 2006. Survival, Growth and biochemical parameters of silver catfish, rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), juveniles exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels. Aquac Res, 37(15): 1524-1531. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01589.x.
  • Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada. 2004. ‘Blood Sampling of Finfish’. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans Animal-User Training Templete. Ottawa, Canada, pp: 1-15
  • Constantinos CM, Gloriana C, Irini S, Alberta P. 2005. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures. Aquac, 246(1): 467-481. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.046.
  • Deveci HA, Kükürt A, Nur G, Kaya İ. 2016. Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758)’da klorprifos-etil uygulamasının sialik asit, malondialdehit ve nitrik oksit düzeylerine etkisi. Kafkas Üniv Fen Bil Enst Derg, 9(2): 46-51.
  • Dobšíková R, Svobodova Z, Blahova J, Modra H, Velíšek J. 2009. The effect of transport on biochemical and haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Czech J Anim Sci, 54(11): 510-518.
  • Duff DW, Olson KR. 1989. Response of rainbow trout to constant-pressure and constant-volume hemorrhage. Am J Physiol, 257(6Pt2): R1307-R1314. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.6.R1307.
  • Duman M, Saticioglu IB, Suzer B, Altun S. 2019. Practices for drawing blood samples from teleost fish. N Am J Aquac, 81(2): 119-125. DOI: 10.1002/naaq.10077.
  • Duran U. 2019. Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Biyokimyasal Parametreler. Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Veterinerlik Biyokimyası Seminer. (Unpublished material).
  • Eissa AE. 2016. Clinical and laboratory manual of fish disease. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Giza, Egypt, pp: 140.
  • Erikson ULF. 2008. Live chilling and carbon dioxide sedation at slaughter of farmed Atlantic salmon: A description of a number of commercial case studies. J Appl Aquac, 20(1):38-61. DOI: 10.1080/10454430802022078.
  • Fagundes M, Elisabeth U. 2008. Stress in pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) during farming procedures. Aquac, 276(1–4): 112-119. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.006.
  • Fazio F. 2019. Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture: A review. Aquac, 500: 237-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.030.
  • FDA. 2020. Guidelines for the preparation and use of MS222 (TMS, Tricaine Methanesulfonate) for animal procedures. 222: 1-5.
  • Gabriel AG, Verónica CF, Miriam NC, Jorge LO, Jaime LRB. 2016. Hematological and clinical chemistry changes induced by acute stress during handling and capture of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Rev MVZ Cordoba, 21(2): 5345–5354. DOI: 10.21897/rmvz.601.
  • Hikasa Y, Takase K, Ogasawara T, Ogasawara S. 1986. Anesthesia and recovery with tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol and thiopental sodium in the carp, Cyprinus carpio. Jpn J Vet Sci, 48(2): 341-351. DOI: 10.1292/jvms1939.48.341.
  • Hille S. 1982. A literature review of the blood chemistry of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Rich. J Fish Biol, 20(5): 535-569. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1982.tb03954.x.
  • Javahery S, Hamed N, Abdolmajid HM. 2012. Effect of anaesthesia with clove oil in fish. Fish Physiol Biochem, 38(6): 1545-1552. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9682-5.
  • Jeffries KM, Hinch SG, Donaldson MR, Gale MK, Burt JM, Thompson LA, Farrell AP, Patterson DA, Miller KM. 2011. Temporal changes in blood variables during final maturation and senescence in male sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka: Reduced osmoregulatory ability can predict mortality. J Fish Biol, 79(2): 449-465. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03042.x.
  • Kaya İ, Özlem Ö, Müge KM, Abdulsamed K, Hacı Ahmet D, Mahmut K. 2021. The effects of organophosphorus pesticides on some biochemical markers in teleosts. New Trends in Health Sciences, Livre de Lyon, Lyon, France, pp: 213-227.
  • Lawrence M, Sofia J, Aaron Z, Dirk A, Kathleen G, Austin G, Steven C. 2018. Are 3-minutes good enough for obtaining baseline physiological samples from teleost fish. Can J Zool, 96(7). DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0093.
  • Lawrence MJ, Graham DR, Amy KT, Ken MJ, Andy JD, Erika JE, Caleb TH, Timothy DC, Steven JC. 2020. Best practices for non-lethal blood sampling of fish via the caudal vasculature. J Fish Biol, 97(1): 4-15. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14339.
  • Martínez-Porchas M, Luis Rafael M, Rogelio R. 2009. Cortisol and glucose: Reliable indicators of fish stress? Panam J Aquat Sci, 4(2): 158-178.
  • Martins T, Enoque D, Luís MF, Luís A. 2018. Evaluation of anaesthetic protocols for laboratory adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One, 13(5): e0197846. DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0197846.
  • McCarthy DH, Stevenson JP, Roberts MS. 1973. Some Blood parameters of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). J Fish Biol, 5(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04425.x.
  • Nabi N, Imtiaz A, Gohar BW. 2022. Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells. Saudi J Biol Sci, 29(4): 2942-2957. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.019.
  • Neiffer DL, Stamper MA. 2009. Fish sedation, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia: Considerations, methods, and types of drugs. ILAR J, 50(4): 343-360. DOI: 10.1093/ilar.50.4.343.
  • Olson KR. 1992. 3 Blood and extracellular fluid volume regulation: role of the renin-angiotensin system, kallikrein-kinin system, and atrial natriuretic peptides. Fish Physiol, 12: 135-254. DOI: 10.1016/S1546-5098(08)60010-2.
  • Pankhurst NW. 2011. General and comparative endocrinology the endocrinology of stress in fish: An environmental perspective. General Compar Endocrinol, 170(2): 265-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.017.
  • Pollock MS, Clarke LMJ, Dubé MG. 2007. The effects of hypoxia on fishes: from ecological relevance to physiological effects. Environ Rev, 15: 1-14. DOI: 10.1139/a06-006.
  • Ramsay JM, Feist GW, Varga ZM, Westerfield M, Kent ML, Schreck CB. 2009. Whole-body cortisol response of zebrafish to acute net handling stress. Aquac, 297(1–4): 157-162. DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2009.08.035.
  • Refaey MM, Li D. 2018. Transport stress changes blood biochemistry, antioxidant defense system, and hepatic HSPs MRNA expressions of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fron Physiol, 9: 1-11. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01628.
  • Reid CH, Vandergoot CS, Midwood JD, Stevens ED, Bowker J, Cooke SJ. 2019. On the electroimmobilization of fishes for research and practice: Opportunities, challenges, and research needs. Fish, 44(12): 576-585. DOI: 10.1002/fsh.10307.
  • Reshma KJ, Sumithra TG, Vishnu B, Jyothi R, Kumar RR, Pootholathil S, Sanil NK. 2020. Indexing serum biochemical attributes of Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal, 1775) to instrument in health assessment. Aquac Res, 51(6): 2590-2602. DOI: 10.1111/are.14601.
  • Ruis MAW, Bayne CJ. 1997. Effects of acute stress on blood clotting and yeast killing by phagocytes of rainbow trout. J Aquat Anim Health, 9(3): 190-195. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0190: EOASOB>2.3.CO;2.
  • Schiffman RH. 1959. Method for Repeated sampling of trout blood. Progres Fish-Cultur, 21(4): 151-153. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8659(1959)21[151: MFRSOT]2.0.CO;2.
  • Sertçelik M, Sugeçti S, Büyükgüzel E, Necefoğlu H, Büyükgüzel K. 2018. Diaquabis (N,N-Dietilnikotinamid-LN1) Bis (4-Formilbenzoato-LO) Kobalt (II) kompleksinin model organizma Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) üzerindeki toksikolojik ve fizyolojik etkileri. Karaelmas Fen Müh Derg, 8(1): 359-364. DOI: 10.7212%2Fzkufbd.v8i1.1207.
  • Smith MD, Warmolts D, Thoney RH, Murray M, Ezcurra J. 2017. Elasmobranch husbandry manual ii: recent advances in the care of sharks, rays and their relatives. Special Publication of the Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, US, pp: 504.
  • Sugeçti S. 2021a. Biochemical and immune responses of model organism galleria mellonella after infection with Escherichia coli. Entomol Exp Appl, 169(10): 911-917. DOI: 10.1111/eea.13092.
  • Sugeçti S. 2021b. Pathophysiological effects of klebsiella pneumoniae infection on galleria mellonella as an invertebrate model organis. Arch Microbiol, 203(6): 3509-3517. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02346-y.
  • Tort L. 2011. Stress and immune modulation in fish. Dev Comp Immunol, 35(12): 1366-1375.
  • Trushenski J, Bowker J. 2012. Effect of voltage and exposure time on fish response to electrosedation. J Fish Wildl Manag, 3(2): 276-287. DOI: 10.3996/102011-JFWM-060.
  • Tuna Keleştemur G, Keleştemur Ü, Selçuk S. 2010. Effect of transportation on the malondialdehyde levels of rainbow trout fry, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Sakarya Univ Fen Bil Enst Derg, 14(2): 119-123.
  • Wedemeyer G, Chatterton K. 1970. Some blood chemistry values for the rainbow trout (Salmo Gairdneri). J Fisher Res Board Canada, 27(6): 1162-1164. DOI: 10.1139/f70-135.
  • Witeska M, Kondera E, Ługowska K, Bojarski B. 2022. Hematological methods in fish – not only for beginners. Aquac, 547: 737498. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737498.
  • Worldfish/CGIAR. 2019. Quick Fish Sampling Guide for Disease Diagnostics: Blood Sampling Guide. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12348/4839 (access date: August 17, 2022).
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Utku Duran 0000-0002-0002-8893

Sena Çenesiz 0000-0002-3544-503X

Büşra Şahin 0000-0002-5245-478X

Publication Date January 1, 2023
Submission Date October 6, 2022
Acceptance Date November 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Duran, U., Çenesiz, S., & Şahin, B. (2023). Blood Sampling Techniques and Preparing for Analysis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 6(1), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1185283
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