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İzmir’den Alınan Hıyar mozaik virüsü (CMV) İzolatlarının Biyolojik ve Moleküler Tespiti

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 199 - 210, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1318370

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 2021-2022 yıllarında Türkiye’nin İzmir ilinin domates yetiştirilen bölgelerinde bulunan Hıyar mozaik virüs izolatlarının mekanik inokulasyon ve moleküler RT-PCR yöntemlerine dayalı olarak belirlemesini amaçlamışır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Daha önce 2019-2022 yılları arasında İzmir’den temin edilen ve Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bülümü iklim odalarında uygun sıcaklıkta muhafaza edilen CMV izolatlarıyla enfekte şüphesi olan 17 bitki örneği, Nicotiana glutinosa, Solanum lycopersicum 'SC-2121', ve Cucumis sativus 'Beit Alpha' kültüvarından oluşan çok sayıda farklı test bitkisine virüsün mekanik inokulasyonu gerçekleştirmek için kullanılmış. Virüs inokule edilmiş bitkiler, simptom gelişimi açısından görsel olarak değerlendirilmiş, ardından CMV'ye özgün antiserumlarla DAS-ELISA testi yapılmıştır. CMV pozitif tütünler virüsün yeni yetiştirilen test bitkilerine mekanik inokulasyonu tekrarlamak için inokulum kaynağı olarak kullanılmış, ardından ikinci bir ELISA ve nihai RT-PCR testi yapılmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Bulgularda, İzmir'den temin edilen CMV-D ve CMV-B2 izolatları test bitkilerinde CMV benzeri simptomlara neden olmuştur. Ancak, son ELISA ve RT-PCR testinde yalnızca CMV-D izolatı ile inokule edilen test bitkilerinin sürekli olarak pozitif olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. CMV-D izolatı, virus inokulasyonundan 3 hafta sonra tütün ve hıyarda sistemik mozaik, ve domateste mozaik, bodurluk ve çalılaşma görünümüne neden olmuştur. CMV-D izolatı RT-PCR için test edildiğinde agaroz jelde virüsün varlığını gösteren 280 bp'lik cDNA bandı gözlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, CMV'nin ilgili viral ırka, enfekte konukçu türlere ve diğer faktörlere bağlı olarak çeşitli semptomlara neden olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. CMV-D izolatın varlığı, kontrollu bir deney düzeneğinde konakçı türde tekrarlanan mekanik inokulasyona ve son RT-PCR testine dayalı olarak biyolojik ve moleküler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Enfeksiyona neden olan viral ırkın genetik özellikerini daha iyi anlamak için gelecek çalışmalarda ilgili izolatın genom dizilimi ve filogenetik analizi ile daha fazla bilgi sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.

Thanks

Bu çalışma için Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı'na teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Akhtar K. P., Ryu K. H., Saleem M. Y., Asghar M., Jamil F. F., Haq M. A., & Khan I. A. (2008). Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus Subgroup IA in tomato in Pakistan. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 115(1), 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356231
  • Çağlar, B.K., (2006). Hıyar mozaik virüsü (CMV)’nün kavun (CMV-K), domates (CMV-D), biber (CMV-B) izolatlarının biyolojik, serolojik, moleküler yöntemlerle karakterizasyonu ve satellit RNA’lerin virüs üzerindeki etkisi., Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 89 s.
  • Clark M. F., & Adams A.N. (1977). Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34, 475-483.
  • Değirmenci K., & Uzunoğulları, N. (2007). Determination of problem viruses on the tomatoes cultivation areas in Marmara region. Bitki Koruma Bulteni, 47 (1-4), 72-77. ISSN: 0406-3597.
  • Diez, M. J., & Nuez, F. (2008). Tomato In: Prohens, J. and Nuez, F., Eds., Vegetables II. Springer, New York (NY), DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74110-9_7.
  • Doolittle, S.P. (1916). A new infectious mosaic disease of Cucumber. Phytopath, 06, 145-147.
  • Faggioli, F., Ferretti, L., Albanese, G., Sciarroni, R., Pasquini, G., Lumia, V., & Barba, M. (2005). Distribution of olive tree viruses in Italy as revealed by one-step RT-PCR. Journal of Plant Pathology, 49-55 pp.
  • FAO (2021, September). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT. Available from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data.
  • Foissac, X., Svanella-Dumas, L., Dulucq, M. J., Candresse, T., Gentit, P. (2001). Polyvalent detection of fruit tree tricho, capillo and foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosine containing primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Hortic, 550, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.550.2
  • Giakountis, A., Tsarmpopoulos, I., & Chatzivassiliou, E. K. (2018). Cucumber mosaic virus Isolates from Greek Legumes are Associated with Satellite RNAs that are Necrogenic for Tomato. Plant Disease, 102(11), 2268–2276. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1259-RE
  • Green, S. K., & Kim, J. S. (1991). Characteristics and control of viruses infecting peppers: A literature review. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Technical Bulletin, 18, 60p.
  • Güllü, M., & Çali, S. (1994). Studies on the Determination and the Incidence of Virus Diseases of Protected Vegetable Crops in the East Mediterranean Region. Plant Protection Bulletin, 34(3), 79-93.
  • Gümüş, M. (1998). İzmir İlinde biberlerdeki viral hastalık etmenlerinin ve oranlarının saptanması ve bazı biber çeşitlerinin bu virüslere reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, 118s.
  • Güneş, N., & Gümüş, M. (2019). Detection and Characterization of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Cucumber mosaic virus on Pepper Growing Areas in Antalya. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(3), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.499144
  • Güneş, N., Paylan, İ.C. & Gümüş, M. (2023). Molecular Characterization of Tomato Spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Affecting Tomato and Pepper Crops in İzmir Province. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 60(1), 67-79.
  • Hou, W., Li, S., & Massart, S. (2020). Is There a “Biological Desert” With the Discovery of New Plant Viruses? A Retrospective Analysis for New Fruit Tree Viruses. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.592816
  • Iqbal, S., Ashfaq, M., & Shah, H. (2011). Biological characterization of Pakistani isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(6).
  • Jacquemond, M., (2012). Cucumber Mosaic Virus. Advances in Virus Research, 84: 439–504. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00013-0
  • Karanfil, A., & Korkmaz, S. (2017). Çanakkale ili börülce üretim alanlarında Hıyar mozaik virüsü (Cucumber mosaic virus; CMV)’nün tespiti ve kılıf protein genine göre moleküler karakterizasyonu. Bitki Koruma Bülteni. 57(3), 293–304.
  • Karanfı̇l, A. & Korkmaz, S. (2021). Güney Marmara bölgesi kabakgil üretim alanlarında Cucumber mosaic virus enfeksiyonunun tespiti ve kılıf protein gen diziliminin filogenetik analizi. Ege Univ. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 58(2), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.682293
  • Karanfil, A., Randa-Zelyüt, F. & Korkmaz, S. (2023). Prevalance of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Isolates Infecting Tobacco Plants in Turkey and Population Structure of Turkish CMV Isolates. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 10(3), 598-604.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. & Korkmaz, S. (2018). Determination and Molecular Characterization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Infection on Spinach Production Fields of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 47 (2), 43-51.
  • Legrand, P., (2015). Biological assays for plant viruses and other graft‐transmissible pathogens diagnoses: A review. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 45(2). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/epp.12222 Lumia, V., Ilardi, V., Tomassoli, L., & Barba, M. (2001). Transgene detection in industrially processed genetically modified tomato. Petria, 11, 159-165.
  • Mahjabeen., Akhtar, K. P., Sarwar, N., Saleem, M. Y., Asghar, M., Iqbal, Q., & Jamil, F. F. (2012). Effect of cucumber mosaic virus infection on morphology, yield and phenolic contents of tomato. Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 45(7), 766–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2011.595965
  • Mochizuki, T., & Ohki, S. T. (2012). Cucumber mosaic virus: Viral genes as virulence determinants. Molecular plant pathology, 13(3), 217-225. DOI: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2011.00749.X
  • Özkan, M., (1957). Türkiye Sebze Ziraatinde Hıyar Mozaik Virüsü. Tomurcuk, 6(65), 16-21.
  • Özlap, M O., (1964). Izmır Ili Civarında Görulen Önemli Sebze Virüsleri Üzerinde İncelemeler. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 4(1), 18-25.
  • Palukaitis, P., Roossinck, M. J., Dietzgen, R. G., & Francki, R. I. B. (1992). Cucumber mosaic virus. Advances in Virus Research, 41, 281-348.
  • Paradies, F., Sialer, M. F., Gallitelli, D., Castellano, M. A., Di Franco, A., Digiaro, M., Martelli, G. P. & Yilmaz, M. A. (2000). Partial Characterization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Isolates From Citrus and Grapevine. Journal of Plant Pathology. 82(2), 133–145.
  • Plapung, P., Khumsukdee, S., & Smitamana, P. (2014). Development of Cucumber lines resistant to Cucumber mosaic virus by Ovule Culture. Journal of Agriculture Technology, 10(3), 733-741.
  • Regenmortel, M. V., & Mahy, B. (2009). Desk Encyclopedia of Plant and Fungal Virology. Academic Press ELSEVIER. https://www.elsevier.com/books/desk-encyclopedia-of-plant-and-fungal-virology/van-regenmortel/978-0-12-375148-5
  • Roossinck, M. J. (2001). Cucumber mosaic virus, a model for RNA virus evolution. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2(2), 59–63. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1364-3703.2001.00058.x
  • Salánki, K., Gellért, Á., Nemes, K., Divéki, Z., & Balázs, E. (2018). Molecular Modeling for Better Understanding of Cucumo virus Pathology. Advances in Virus Research, 102, 59–88. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.06.002
  • Santosa, A., & Ertunc, F. (2021). Characterization of two Cucumber mosaic virus isolates infecting Allium cepa in Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 60(1), 13-21.
  • Sarı S. (2015). Samsun ilinde yetiştirilen yazlık sebzelerde enfeksiyon oluşturan Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) izolatlarının karakterizasyonu ve konukçu-simptom-satellit RNA ilişkilerinin araştırılması., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 89s.
  • Sevik, M. A. (2017). Natural occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus infecting broccoli in Turkey. Virus disease. 28(2), 218–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-017-0373-9
  • Sevik, M. A. (2019). Viruses infecting cool season crops in the northern Turkey. Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias. 91(3), e20180224. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920180224
  • Shalitin, D., & Wolf, S. (2000). Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection Affects Sugar Transport in Melon Plants. Plant Physiology, 123(2), 597–604. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.123.2.597
  • Song, X.S., Wang, Y.J., Mao, W.H., Shi, K., Zhou, Y.H., Nogués, S. & Yu, J.Q. (2009). Effects of cucumber mosaic virus infection on electron transport and antioxidant system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of cucumber and tomato leaves. Physiologia Plantarum, 135(3), 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01189.x
  • TÜİK (2021, Nisan). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Tarim Ürünleri Piyasaları DOMATES Ocak 2021. Erişim adresi https://tarimorman.gov.tr.
  • USDA (2021, April). United States Department of Agriculture. Food Data Central Search Results: Tomato, Roma. Available from https://www.usda.gov/
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  • Uzunoğullari, N., & Gümüş, M. (2015). Detection of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causing natural infection in some culture plants in Marmara region. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 16(1), 9-15.
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Biological and Molecular Detection of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Isolates Obtained from Izmir

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 199 - 210, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1318370

Abstract

Objective: This study was intended to determine cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates present in tomato-growing areas of the Izmir province of Turkey in 2021-2022 based on mechanical inoculations and RT-PCR method.
Materials and Methods: 17 CMV suspected plant samples previously obtained from Izmir between 2019-2022 and preserved under the appropriate temperature in the Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection of Ege University were used to carry out mechanical inoculation of the virus into a number of different test plants consisting of Nicotiana glutinosa, Solanum lycopersicum ‘SC-2121’, and Cucumis sativus ‘Beit Alpha’ cultivars. Virus-inoculated plants were visually evaluated for symptom development, followed by a DAS-ELISA test with CMV-specific antibodies. CMV-positive tobaccos were used to repeat mechanical inoculation of the virus into newly grown test plants, followed by a second ELISA and final RT-PCR test.
Results: As a result, CMV-D and CMV-B2 isolates obtained from Izmir produced CMV-like symptoms in the test plants. However, only CMV-D inoculated test plants consistently came out to be positive in the final ELISA and RT-PCR test. CMV-D isolate in tobacco and cucumber induced systemic mosaic and in tomato, caused mosaic, stunting and bushy appearance during 3 weeks of virus inoculation. CMV-D inoculated plants when tested for RT-PCR produced an amplified cDNA band of 280 bp in agarose gel indicating the presence of the virus.
Conclusion: This study concludes that CMV causes a variety of symptoms depending upon the viral strain involved, infected host species, and other factors. The presence of CMV-D isolate has been biologically and molecularly identified based on repeated mechanical inoculations in its host species and a final RT-PCR test performed under a controlled experimental setup. Further study of the responsible isolate can be achieved by its genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to better understand the viral strain involved in the infection.

References

  • Akhtar K. P., Ryu K. H., Saleem M. Y., Asghar M., Jamil F. F., Haq M. A., & Khan I. A. (2008). Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus Subgroup IA in tomato in Pakistan. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 115(1), 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356231
  • Çağlar, B.K., (2006). Hıyar mozaik virüsü (CMV)’nün kavun (CMV-K), domates (CMV-D), biber (CMV-B) izolatlarının biyolojik, serolojik, moleküler yöntemlerle karakterizasyonu ve satellit RNA’lerin virüs üzerindeki etkisi., Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 89 s.
  • Clark M. F., & Adams A.N. (1977). Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34, 475-483.
  • Değirmenci K., & Uzunoğulları, N. (2007). Determination of problem viruses on the tomatoes cultivation areas in Marmara region. Bitki Koruma Bulteni, 47 (1-4), 72-77. ISSN: 0406-3597.
  • Diez, M. J., & Nuez, F. (2008). Tomato In: Prohens, J. and Nuez, F., Eds., Vegetables II. Springer, New York (NY), DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74110-9_7.
  • Doolittle, S.P. (1916). A new infectious mosaic disease of Cucumber. Phytopath, 06, 145-147.
  • Faggioli, F., Ferretti, L., Albanese, G., Sciarroni, R., Pasquini, G., Lumia, V., & Barba, M. (2005). Distribution of olive tree viruses in Italy as revealed by one-step RT-PCR. Journal of Plant Pathology, 49-55 pp.
  • FAO (2021, September). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT. Available from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data.
  • Foissac, X., Svanella-Dumas, L., Dulucq, M. J., Candresse, T., Gentit, P. (2001). Polyvalent detection of fruit tree tricho, capillo and foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosine containing primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Hortic, 550, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.550.2
  • Giakountis, A., Tsarmpopoulos, I., & Chatzivassiliou, E. K. (2018). Cucumber mosaic virus Isolates from Greek Legumes are Associated with Satellite RNAs that are Necrogenic for Tomato. Plant Disease, 102(11), 2268–2276. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1259-RE
  • Green, S. K., & Kim, J. S. (1991). Characteristics and control of viruses infecting peppers: A literature review. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Technical Bulletin, 18, 60p.
  • Güllü, M., & Çali, S. (1994). Studies on the Determination and the Incidence of Virus Diseases of Protected Vegetable Crops in the East Mediterranean Region. Plant Protection Bulletin, 34(3), 79-93.
  • Gümüş, M. (1998). İzmir İlinde biberlerdeki viral hastalık etmenlerinin ve oranlarının saptanması ve bazı biber çeşitlerinin bu virüslere reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, 118s.
  • Güneş, N., & Gümüş, M. (2019). Detection and Characterization of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Cucumber mosaic virus on Pepper Growing Areas in Antalya. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(3), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.499144
  • Güneş, N., Paylan, İ.C. & Gümüş, M. (2023). Molecular Characterization of Tomato Spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Affecting Tomato and Pepper Crops in İzmir Province. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 60(1), 67-79.
  • Hou, W., Li, S., & Massart, S. (2020). Is There a “Biological Desert” With the Discovery of New Plant Viruses? A Retrospective Analysis for New Fruit Tree Viruses. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.592816
  • Iqbal, S., Ashfaq, M., & Shah, H. (2011). Biological characterization of Pakistani isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(6).
  • Jacquemond, M., (2012). Cucumber Mosaic Virus. Advances in Virus Research, 84: 439–504. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00013-0
  • Karanfil, A., & Korkmaz, S. (2017). Çanakkale ili börülce üretim alanlarında Hıyar mozaik virüsü (Cucumber mosaic virus; CMV)’nün tespiti ve kılıf protein genine göre moleküler karakterizasyonu. Bitki Koruma Bülteni. 57(3), 293–304.
  • Karanfı̇l, A. & Korkmaz, S. (2021). Güney Marmara bölgesi kabakgil üretim alanlarında Cucumber mosaic virus enfeksiyonunun tespiti ve kılıf protein gen diziliminin filogenetik analizi. Ege Univ. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 58(2), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.682293
  • Karanfil, A., Randa-Zelyüt, F. & Korkmaz, S. (2023). Prevalance of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Isolates Infecting Tobacco Plants in Turkey and Population Structure of Turkish CMV Isolates. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 10(3), 598-604.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. & Korkmaz, S. (2018). Determination and Molecular Characterization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Infection on Spinach Production Fields of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 47 (2), 43-51.
  • Legrand, P., (2015). Biological assays for plant viruses and other graft‐transmissible pathogens diagnoses: A review. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 45(2). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/epp.12222 Lumia, V., Ilardi, V., Tomassoli, L., & Barba, M. (2001). Transgene detection in industrially processed genetically modified tomato. Petria, 11, 159-165.
  • Mahjabeen., Akhtar, K. P., Sarwar, N., Saleem, M. Y., Asghar, M., Iqbal, Q., & Jamil, F. F. (2012). Effect of cucumber mosaic virus infection on morphology, yield and phenolic contents of tomato. Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 45(7), 766–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2011.595965
  • Mochizuki, T., & Ohki, S. T. (2012). Cucumber mosaic virus: Viral genes as virulence determinants. Molecular plant pathology, 13(3), 217-225. DOI: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2011.00749.X
  • Özkan, M., (1957). Türkiye Sebze Ziraatinde Hıyar Mozaik Virüsü. Tomurcuk, 6(65), 16-21.
  • Özlap, M O., (1964). Izmır Ili Civarında Görulen Önemli Sebze Virüsleri Üzerinde İncelemeler. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 4(1), 18-25.
  • Palukaitis, P., Roossinck, M. J., Dietzgen, R. G., & Francki, R. I. B. (1992). Cucumber mosaic virus. Advances in Virus Research, 41, 281-348.
  • Paradies, F., Sialer, M. F., Gallitelli, D., Castellano, M. A., Di Franco, A., Digiaro, M., Martelli, G. P. & Yilmaz, M. A. (2000). Partial Characterization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Isolates From Citrus and Grapevine. Journal of Plant Pathology. 82(2), 133–145.
  • Plapung, P., Khumsukdee, S., & Smitamana, P. (2014). Development of Cucumber lines resistant to Cucumber mosaic virus by Ovule Culture. Journal of Agriculture Technology, 10(3), 733-741.
  • Regenmortel, M. V., & Mahy, B. (2009). Desk Encyclopedia of Plant and Fungal Virology. Academic Press ELSEVIER. https://www.elsevier.com/books/desk-encyclopedia-of-plant-and-fungal-virology/van-regenmortel/978-0-12-375148-5
  • Roossinck, M. J. (2001). Cucumber mosaic virus, a model for RNA virus evolution. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2(2), 59–63. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1364-3703.2001.00058.x
  • Salánki, K., Gellért, Á., Nemes, K., Divéki, Z., & Balázs, E. (2018). Molecular Modeling for Better Understanding of Cucumo virus Pathology. Advances in Virus Research, 102, 59–88. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.06.002
  • Santosa, A., & Ertunc, F. (2021). Characterization of two Cucumber mosaic virus isolates infecting Allium cepa in Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 60(1), 13-21.
  • Sarı S. (2015). Samsun ilinde yetiştirilen yazlık sebzelerde enfeksiyon oluşturan Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) izolatlarının karakterizasyonu ve konukçu-simptom-satellit RNA ilişkilerinin araştırılması., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 89s.
  • Sevik, M. A. (2017). Natural occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus infecting broccoli in Turkey. Virus disease. 28(2), 218–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-017-0373-9
  • Sevik, M. A. (2019). Viruses infecting cool season crops in the northern Turkey. Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias. 91(3), e20180224. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920180224
  • Shalitin, D., & Wolf, S. (2000). Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection Affects Sugar Transport in Melon Plants. Plant Physiology, 123(2), 597–604. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.123.2.597
  • Song, X.S., Wang, Y.J., Mao, W.H., Shi, K., Zhou, Y.H., Nogués, S. & Yu, J.Q. (2009). Effects of cucumber mosaic virus infection on electron transport and antioxidant system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of cucumber and tomato leaves. Physiologia Plantarum, 135(3), 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01189.x
  • TÜİK (2021, Nisan). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Tarim Ürünleri Piyasaları DOMATES Ocak 2021. Erişim adresi https://tarimorman.gov.tr.
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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant Pathology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Sachin Sharma 0000-0002-6215-5222

Mustafa Gümüş 0000-0002-1603-8666

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sharma, S., & Gümüş, M. (2023). Biological and Molecular Detection of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Isolates Obtained from Izmir. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 12(2), 199-210. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1318370