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Hammadde, İmalat ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 799 - 809, 31.07.2022

Halil Yavaş

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1099425

Abstract

Flander’deki kumaş imalatını ve ticaretini ele aldığımız bu çalışmamızda, konuyu uluslararası boyutuyla inceleyeceğiz. Öncelikle bu endüstrinin gelişiminde Flander’in tarihi ve coğrafi özelliklerini anlamaya çalışacağız. Devamında hammadde tedariki ve bu süreçte İngiltere’nin konumunu tartışacağız. Gerektiği şekilde kaliteli hammaddeye ulaşan Flander’in kumaş üretiminde ne şekilde teknik ilerlemeler kat ettiğini ve imalat sürecini araştıracağız. Flander ilginç bir şekilde bu sektöre üretici olarak başlamışken devamında ürünün ticaretini de üstlendiğini görmekteyiz. Fakat yine günümüzde olduğu gibi uluslararası rekabet ile karşılaşmış ve karşısında İtalyan tüccarlarını bulmuştur. Çalışmamızda bu süreçte Flander’in zirveye çıkıp inmesinin sebepleri üzerinde duracağız. Burada İtalyan tüccarlar mı yoksa İngiltere ile yaşanan siyasi sorunlar mı etkili oldu onu göreceğiz. Konuları ele alırken John H. Munro, David Nicholas, M. M. Postan, Henri Pirenne, P. Sawyer, Van Werveke gibi alanında uzman bazı araştırmacıların muhtelif tartışmalarına değineceğiz.

Keywords

Flander Lonca Yün Kumaş Champagne

Thanks

Sayın editöre ve dergi ekibine emeklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Ashley, W. J., (1887), “The Early History of the English Woollen Industry”, Publications of the American Economic Association, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 13-85.
  • Blockmans, Wim, (2008), “Flander”, The New Cambridge Medieval History c. 1198-c. 1300, David Abulafia (edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 405-418.
  • Burton, Janet - Kerr, Julie, (2011), The Cistercians in the Middle Ages, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
  • Chorley, Patrick, (1987), “The Cloth Exports of Flanders and Northern France during the Thirteenth Century: A Luxury Trade?”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 349-379.
  • Gimpel, Jean, (2004), Ortaçağda Endüstri Devrimi, 6. Baskı, Ankara: Tübitak.
  • Heaton, Herbert, (1985), Avrupa İktisat Tarihi I, Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay ve Osman Aydoğuş (çev.), Ankara: Teori Yayınları,.
  • Jamroziak, Emilia, (2003), “Rievaulx Abbey As A Wool Producer in The Late Thirteenth Century: Sistersiyens, Sheep, And Debts”, Northern History, XL: 2, s. 197-218.
  • Karaimamoğlu, Tolgahan ve Gürsoy, Sultan, 2021), “İngiltere’nin yün İmparatorluğuna Dönüşme Süreci III. Edward’ın Yün Politikası”, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, ss.181-188.
  • Keene, Derek, (2008), “Towns and the growth of trade”, The new Cambridge Medieval History IV-I,. David Luscombe, Jonathan Riley Smith (Edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 47-85.
  • Kershaw, Ian, (1973), “The Great Famine and Agrarian Crisis in England 1315-1322”, Past & Present, No. 59, pp. 3-50.
  • Laere, Raf Van & Trostyansky, Oleg, (2010), “Medieval Flemish Cloth Seals From Saray al-Djadid (Russia)”, Numismatique, Vol. 156, pp. 103-128.
  • Lambert, Bart & Pajic, Milan, (2016), “Immigration and the Common Profit”, Journal of British Studies, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 633-657.
  • Lambert, Malcolm, (2015), Ortaçağda Dinsel Sapkınlıklar, Erdem Gökyaran (Çev), İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık.
  • Lekai, Louis J., (1958), The White Monks, Okauchee: Our Lady Of Spring Bank.
  • Lloyd, TH., (1977), The English Wool Trade in the Middle Ages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, Edward, (1965), “The Fortunes of the English Textile Industry during the Thirteenth Century”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 64-82.
  • Munro, John H., (1988 ), “Textile Workers”, Dictionary of the Middle Ages Vol XI, Joseph R. Strayer (Edit.), New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, pp. 711-715.
  • Munro, John H., “Textile Technology”, (1988), Dictionary of the Middle Ages Vol XI, Joseph R. Strayer (Edit.), New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, pp. 693-711.
  • Munro, John, (2015), “The Dual Crises of the Late-Medieval Florentine Cloth Industry, c. 1320 - c. 1420”, Textiles and the Medieval Economy, Angela Ling Huang, Carsten Jahnke (Edit.), Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, pp. 113-148.
  • Nicholas, David, (1976), “Economic Reorientation and Social Change in Fourteenth-Century Flander”, Past & Present, No. 70, pp. 3-29 .
  • Nicholas, David, (1992), Medieval Flander, New York: Routledge.
  • Oksanen, Eljas, (2012), Flander and the Anglo-Norman World, 1066-1216, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Özdal, Ahmet, (2019), Ortaçağ İslam Dünyasında Ekonomik Ekosistem, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Pirenne, Henri, (2012) Ortaçağ Kentleri Kökenleri ve Ticaretin Canlanması, Şadan Karadeniz (Çev.), 12. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yay.
  • Pirenne, Henri, (2012), Ortaçağ Avrupa’sının Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi, Uygur Kocabaşoğlu (Çev.), 5. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yay.
  • Postan, M. M. & Miller, Edward, (1987), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Volume II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Postan, M. M. & Rich, E. E., (1965), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Postan, M. M., (1973), Essays on Medieval Agriculture and General Problems of the Medieval Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Prevenier, Walter, (2008), “The Low Countries, 1290-1415”, The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume VI, c. 1300-1415, Michael Jones (edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 570-594.
  • Sawyer, P., (1965), ‘The Wealth of England in the Eleventh Century’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 15, pp. 145-164.
  • Singman, Jeffrey L., (1999), Daily Life in Medieval Europe, London: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Spufford, Peter, (2008), “Trade in fourteenth-century Europe”, The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume VI, c. 1300-1415, Michael Jones (edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 155-208.
  • Thompson, James Westfall, (1928), An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, New York: The Century Co.
  • Ülgen, Pınar, (2012 ), “Geç Ortaçağ Avrupa'sında Pazar ve Panayır İlişkisinin Ticaret Hayatındaki Rolü ve Türk - İslam Dünyasındakilerle Karşılaştırılması”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(21), ss. 361-381.
  • Ülgen, Pınar, (2021), Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda Gündelik Yaşam, İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınları.
  • Wee, Herman Van Der, (1975), “Structural Changes and Specialization in the Industry of the Southern Netherlands, 1100-1600”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 203- 221.
  • Werveke, H. Van, (1954 ), “Industrial Growth in the Middle Ages The Cloth Industry in Flander”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 237-245.

Fabric Production in Flanders in the Middle Ages in the Triangle of Raw Materials, Manufacturing and Market

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 799 - 809, 31.07.2022

Halil Yavaş

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1099425

Abstract

In this study, in which we discuss the production and trade of fabric in Flander, we will examine the issue with its international dimension. First of all, we will try to understand the historical and geographical characteristic of Flander in the development of this industry. Next, we will discuss the supply of raw materials and the England's position in this process. While Flander was like a developed industrial country for that period, the England is an underdeveloped country as a supplier of raw materials. Interestingly, while Flander started this sector as a manufacturer, we see that it later assumed the trade of the product. However, it has encountered international competition and found Italian merchants against it. In our study, we will focus on the reasons for the rise and fall of Flander in this period. We will see whether the Italian traders or the political problems with England had an impact on this process. We will also talk about the contribution of the textile industry in Flanders to the urbanization and social structure in this region. While examining the subjects, we will touch upon the various discussions of some experts in the field such as John H. Munro, David Nicholas, M. M. Postan, Henri Pirenne, P. Sawyer, and Van Werveke.

Keywords

Flander Guild Wool Fabric Champagne

References

  • Ashley, W. J., (1887), “The Early History of the English Woollen Industry”, Publications of the American Economic Association, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 13-85.
  • Blockmans, Wim, (2008), “Flander”, The New Cambridge Medieval History c. 1198-c. 1300, David Abulafia (edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 405-418.
  • Burton, Janet - Kerr, Julie, (2011), The Cistercians in the Middle Ages, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
  • Chorley, Patrick, (1987), “The Cloth Exports of Flanders and Northern France during the Thirteenth Century: A Luxury Trade?”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 349-379.
  • Gimpel, Jean, (2004), Ortaçağda Endüstri Devrimi, 6. Baskı, Ankara: Tübitak.
  • Heaton, Herbert, (1985), Avrupa İktisat Tarihi I, Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay ve Osman Aydoğuş (çev.), Ankara: Teori Yayınları,.
  • Jamroziak, Emilia, (2003), “Rievaulx Abbey As A Wool Producer in The Late Thirteenth Century: Sistersiyens, Sheep, And Debts”, Northern History, XL: 2, s. 197-218.
  • Karaimamoğlu, Tolgahan ve Gürsoy, Sultan, 2021), “İngiltere’nin yün İmparatorluğuna Dönüşme Süreci III. Edward’ın Yün Politikası”, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, ss.181-188.
  • Keene, Derek, (2008), “Towns and the growth of trade”, The new Cambridge Medieval History IV-I,. David Luscombe, Jonathan Riley Smith (Edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 47-85.
  • Kershaw, Ian, (1973), “The Great Famine and Agrarian Crisis in England 1315-1322”, Past & Present, No. 59, pp. 3-50.
  • Laere, Raf Van & Trostyansky, Oleg, (2010), “Medieval Flemish Cloth Seals From Saray al-Djadid (Russia)”, Numismatique, Vol. 156, pp. 103-128.
  • Lambert, Bart & Pajic, Milan, (2016), “Immigration and the Common Profit”, Journal of British Studies, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 633-657.
  • Lambert, Malcolm, (2015), Ortaçağda Dinsel Sapkınlıklar, Erdem Gökyaran (Çev), İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık.
  • Lekai, Louis J., (1958), The White Monks, Okauchee: Our Lady Of Spring Bank.
  • Lloyd, TH., (1977), The English Wool Trade in the Middle Ages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, Edward, (1965), “The Fortunes of the English Textile Industry during the Thirteenth Century”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 64-82.
  • Munro, John H., (1988 ), “Textile Workers”, Dictionary of the Middle Ages Vol XI, Joseph R. Strayer (Edit.), New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, pp. 711-715.
  • Munro, John H., “Textile Technology”, (1988), Dictionary of the Middle Ages Vol XI, Joseph R. Strayer (Edit.), New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, pp. 693-711.
  • Munro, John, (2015), “The Dual Crises of the Late-Medieval Florentine Cloth Industry, c. 1320 - c. 1420”, Textiles and the Medieval Economy, Angela Ling Huang, Carsten Jahnke (Edit.), Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, pp. 113-148.
  • Nicholas, David, (1976), “Economic Reorientation and Social Change in Fourteenth-Century Flander”, Past & Present, No. 70, pp. 3-29 .
  • Nicholas, David, (1992), Medieval Flander, New York: Routledge.
  • Oksanen, Eljas, (2012), Flander and the Anglo-Norman World, 1066-1216, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Özdal, Ahmet, (2019), Ortaçağ İslam Dünyasında Ekonomik Ekosistem, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Pirenne, Henri, (2012) Ortaçağ Kentleri Kökenleri ve Ticaretin Canlanması, Şadan Karadeniz (Çev.), 12. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yay.
  • Pirenne, Henri, (2012), Ortaçağ Avrupa’sının Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi, Uygur Kocabaşoğlu (Çev.), 5. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yay.
  • Postan, M. M. & Miller, Edward, (1987), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Volume II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Postan, M. M. & Rich, E. E., (1965), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Postan, M. M., (1973), Essays on Medieval Agriculture and General Problems of the Medieval Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Prevenier, Walter, (2008), “The Low Countries, 1290-1415”, The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume VI, c. 1300-1415, Michael Jones (edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 570-594.
  • Sawyer, P., (1965), ‘The Wealth of England in the Eleventh Century’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 15, pp. 145-164.
  • Singman, Jeffrey L., (1999), Daily Life in Medieval Europe, London: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Spufford, Peter, (2008), “Trade in fourteenth-century Europe”, The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume VI, c. 1300-1415, Michael Jones (edit.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 155-208.
  • Thompson, James Westfall, (1928), An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, New York: The Century Co.
  • Ülgen, Pınar, (2012 ), “Geç Ortaçağ Avrupa'sında Pazar ve Panayır İlişkisinin Ticaret Hayatındaki Rolü ve Türk - İslam Dünyasındakilerle Karşılaştırılması”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(21), ss. 361-381.
  • Ülgen, Pınar, (2021), Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda Gündelik Yaşam, İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınları.
  • Wee, Herman Van Der, (1975), “Structural Changes and Specialization in the Industry of the Southern Netherlands, 1100-1600”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 203- 221.
  • Werveke, H. Van, (1954 ), “Industrial Growth in the Middle Ages The Cloth Industry in Flander”, The Economic History Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 237-245.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Halil Yavaş 0000-0001-5642-0141

Publication Date July 31, 2022
Submission Date April 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yavaş, H. (2022). Hammadde, İmalat ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 799-809. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1099425
AMA Yavaş H. Hammadde, İmalat ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi. ASBİ. July 2022;22(2):799-809. doi:10.11616/asbi.1099425
Chicago Yavaş, Halil. “Hammadde, İmalat Ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, no. 2 (July 2022): 799-809. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1099425.
EndNote Yavaş H (July 1, 2022) Hammadde, İmalat ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 2 799–809.
IEEE H. Yavaş, “Hammadde, İmalat ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi”, ASBİ, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 799–809, 2022, doi: 10.11616/asbi.1099425.
ISNAD Yavaş, Halil. “Hammadde, İmalat Ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22/2 (July 2022), 799-809. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1099425.
JAMA Yavaş H. Hammadde, İmalat ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi. ASBİ. 2022;22:799–809.
MLA Yavaş, Halil. “Hammadde, İmalat Ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 2, 2022, pp. 799-0, doi:10.11616/asbi.1099425.
Vancouver Yavaş H. Hammadde, İmalat ve Pazar Üçgeninde Orta Çağ’da Flander’de Kumaş Üretimi. ASBİ. 2022;22(2):799-80.
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