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Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Çalışanlarında Sekonder Travmatik Stres, Merhamet Yorgunluğu ve Tükenmişlik düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: COVİD-19 Pandemisi Sırasındaki Deneyim

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 295 - 301, 01.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1260065

Abstract

ÖZ
Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVİD-19) pandemisinde travmatik etkiye maruz kalan meslek gruplarından en önemlilerinden biri sağlık çalışanlarıdır. Bu çalışma travmatik deneyimlerin yoğun olduğu bu süreçte, sağlık çalışanlarının ikincil travmatik stres (İTS), merhamet yorgunluğu ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışma durumuna göre değişkenlik gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek için yapılmıştır.
Yöntemler: 266 sağlık çalışanı ile yapılan bu çalışmada katılımcılar COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışan ve çalışmayan olarak iki gruba ayrıldı, katılımcılara Çalışanlar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (YKÖ) ve İTS ölçeği uygulandı. Değişkenlerin normal dağılımı Kolmogorov-Smirnov ve histogram testleri ile kontrol edildi. Tanımlayıcı veriler ortalama ± standart sapma (SD) olarak ifade edildi. Kategorik değişkenler Ki-kare testi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Sayısal değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyon testi analiz edildi. Normal dağılıma sahip sürekli değişkenler için Student t-testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışan grupta bireylerin İTS ölçeği tüm alt ölçek gruplarında ölçeklerin ortalaması COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışmayan gruba göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışan grupta YKÖ alt ölçek puanlamasında iş doyumunun daha düşük, tükenmişlik düzeyinin ve merhamet yorgunluğu daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışan grupta orta düzeyde tükenmişlik oranı daha fazla iken, COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışmayan grupta ise düşük düzeyde tükenmişlik oranı daha fazladır.
Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışan sağlık çalışanlarında İTS düzeyinin görülme düzeyi daha yüksektir. COVİD-19 hastaları ile çalışan sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik ve merhamet yorgunluğu daha fazla görülmekte, iş doyumu düşmektedir. Gelecekteki sağlık krizi durumlarında, özellikle gelecekteki psikososyal risklerinin önlenmesinde bu tür temel unsurlar dikkate alınmalıdır.

References

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  • 2- Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113190.
  • 3- Bai YM, Lin CC, Lin CY, Chao-Cheng L, Chue CM, Chou P. Survey of Stress Reactions Among Health Care Workers Involved With the SARS Outbreak. Psychiatr. Serv 2004; 55:1055–7.
  • 4- Nickell LA, Crighton EJ, Tracy CS, Al-Enazy H, Bolaji Y, Hanjrah S, Hussain A, Makhlouf S, Upshur REG. Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: Survey of a large tertiary care institution. Can. Med. Assoc. J 2004; 170:793–8.
  • 5- Temsah MH, Alsohime F, AlAmro N, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Hasan K, Jamal A, Al-Maglouth I, Aljamaan F, Al Amri M, Barry M, Al-Subaie S, Somily AM. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13(6):877-82.
  • 6- Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, Di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the COViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr 2020; 55:137.
  • 7- Gholami M, Fawad I, Shadan S, Rowaiee R, Ghanem H, Hassan Khamis A, Ho SB. COVID-19 and healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 104:335-46.
  • 8- Serrano-Ripoll MJ, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ricci-Cabello I, Fraile-Navarro D, Fiol-deRoque MA, Pastor-Moreno G, Castro A, Ruiz-Pérez I, Zamanillo Campos R, Gonçalves-Bradley DC. Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:347-57.
  • 9- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H, Kang L, Yao L, Huang M, Wang H, Wang G, Liu Z, Hu S. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3(3):e203976.
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  • 12- Lombardo B, Eyre C. Compassion fatigue: a nurse's primer. Online J Issues Nurs 2011; 16(1):3.
  • 13- Kahil A, Palabıyıkoğlu NR. İkincil Travmatik Stres. Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2018; 10(1):59-70.
  • 14- Rodrigues H, Cobucci R, Oliveira A, Cabral JV, Medeiros L, Gurgel K, Souza T, Gonçalves AK. Burnout syndrome among medical residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13(11):e0206840.
  • 15- Meadors P, Lamson A. Compassion fatigue and secondary traumatization: provider self care on intensive care units for children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates and Practitioners 2008; 22(1): 24-34.
  • 16- Orrù G, Marzetti F, Conversano C, Vagheggini G, Miccoli M, Ciacchini R, Panait E, Gemignani A. Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(1):337.
  • 17- Yeşil A, Ergun Ü, Amasyalı C, Er F, Olgun NN, Aker AT. Çalışanlar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Noropsikiyatr Ars 2010; 47:111-7.
  • 18- Bride BE, Robinson MM, Yegidis B, Figley CR. Development and Validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Research on Social Work Practice 2004; 14(1): 27–35.
  • 19- Yıldırım G, Kıdak LB, Yurdabakan İ. İkincil Travmatik Stres Ölçeği: Bir uyarlama çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2018;19(1), 45-51.
  • 20- Yörük S, Acikgoz A, Güler D. The predictors of secondary traumatic stress and psychological resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Stress Health 2022; 38(4):746-54.
  • 21- Giménez-Espert MDC, Prado-Gascó V, Soto-Rubio A. Psychosocial Risks, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction of Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:566896.
  • 22- Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77(8):3286-3302.
  • 23- Giménez-Espert MDC, Prado-Gascó V, Soto-Rubio A. Psychosocial Risks, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction of Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:566896.

Evaluation of Secondary Traumatic Stress, Compassion Fatigue and Burnout Levels in Health Care Professionals During the Pandemic Process: Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 295 - 301, 01.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1260065

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Objective: One of the most important occupational groups exposed to traumatic effects in the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is healthcare workers. This study was carried out to determine whether the levels of secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue and burnout of healthcare workers vary according to their working status with COVID-19 patients during this period of intense traumatic experiences.
Methods: In this study, which was conducted with 266 healthcare workers, the participants were divided into two groups as working with and not working with COVID-19 patients, and the quality of life scale for those working as written material and the secondary traumatic stress scale were applied to all participants. The normal distribution of the variables was checked with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and histogram tests. Descriptive data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Pearson Correlation test was analyzed to determine the relationship between numerical variables. Student's t-test was used for continuous variables with normal distribution.
Results: In the group working with COVID-19 patients, the average of the scales in all subscale groups of individuals was higher than the group that did not work with COVID-19 patients. In the group working with COVID-19 patients, it was observed that job satisfaction was lower, and the level of burnout and compassion fatigue was higher in the SQL subscale scoring. While the moderate burnout rate is higher in the group working with COVID-19 patients, the low level burnout rate is higher in the group not working with COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: During the pandemic process, the level of secondary traumatic stress is higher in healthcare workers working with COVID-19 patients. Burnout and compassion fatigue are more common in healthcare workers working with COVID-19 patients, and job satisfaction decreases. Such essential elements should be taken into account in future health crisis situations, especially in preventing future psychosocial risks.

References

  • 1- Aymerich C, Pedruzo B, Pérez JL, Laborda M, Herrero J, Blanco J, Mancebo G, Andrés L, Estévez O, Fernandez M, Salazar de Pablo G, Catalan A, González-Torres MÁ. COVID-19 pandemic effects on health worker's mental health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65(1):e10.
  • 2- Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113190.
  • 3- Bai YM, Lin CC, Lin CY, Chao-Cheng L, Chue CM, Chou P. Survey of Stress Reactions Among Health Care Workers Involved With the SARS Outbreak. Psychiatr. Serv 2004; 55:1055–7.
  • 4- Nickell LA, Crighton EJ, Tracy CS, Al-Enazy H, Bolaji Y, Hanjrah S, Hussain A, Makhlouf S, Upshur REG. Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: Survey of a large tertiary care institution. Can. Med. Assoc. J 2004; 170:793–8.
  • 5- Temsah MH, Alsohime F, AlAmro N, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Hasan K, Jamal A, Al-Maglouth I, Aljamaan F, Al Amri M, Barry M, Al-Subaie S, Somily AM. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13(6):877-82.
  • 6- Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, Di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the COViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr 2020; 55:137.
  • 7- Gholami M, Fawad I, Shadan S, Rowaiee R, Ghanem H, Hassan Khamis A, Ho SB. COVID-19 and healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 104:335-46.
  • 8- Serrano-Ripoll MJ, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ricci-Cabello I, Fraile-Navarro D, Fiol-deRoque MA, Pastor-Moreno G, Castro A, Ruiz-Pérez I, Zamanillo Campos R, Gonçalves-Bradley DC. Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:347-57.
  • 9- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H, Kang L, Yao L, Huang M, Wang H, Wang G, Liu Z, Hu S. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3(3):e203976.
  • 10- Joinson C. Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing 1992; 22(4):116, 118-9, 120.
  • 11- Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. J Clin Psychol 2002; 58(11):1433-41.
  • 12- Lombardo B, Eyre C. Compassion fatigue: a nurse's primer. Online J Issues Nurs 2011; 16(1):3.
  • 13- Kahil A, Palabıyıkoğlu NR. İkincil Travmatik Stres. Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2018; 10(1):59-70.
  • 14- Rodrigues H, Cobucci R, Oliveira A, Cabral JV, Medeiros L, Gurgel K, Souza T, Gonçalves AK. Burnout syndrome among medical residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13(11):e0206840.
  • 15- Meadors P, Lamson A. Compassion fatigue and secondary traumatization: provider self care on intensive care units for children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates and Practitioners 2008; 22(1): 24-34.
  • 16- Orrù G, Marzetti F, Conversano C, Vagheggini G, Miccoli M, Ciacchini R, Panait E, Gemignani A. Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(1):337.
  • 17- Yeşil A, Ergun Ü, Amasyalı C, Er F, Olgun NN, Aker AT. Çalışanlar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Noropsikiyatr Ars 2010; 47:111-7.
  • 18- Bride BE, Robinson MM, Yegidis B, Figley CR. Development and Validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Research on Social Work Practice 2004; 14(1): 27–35.
  • 19- Yıldırım G, Kıdak LB, Yurdabakan İ. İkincil Travmatik Stres Ölçeği: Bir uyarlama çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2018;19(1), 45-51.
  • 20- Yörük S, Acikgoz A, Güler D. The predictors of secondary traumatic stress and psychological resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Stress Health 2022; 38(4):746-54.
  • 21- Giménez-Espert MDC, Prado-Gascó V, Soto-Rubio A. Psychosocial Risks, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction of Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:566896.
  • 22- Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77(8):3286-3302.
  • 23- Giménez-Espert MDC, Prado-Gascó V, Soto-Rubio A. Psychosocial Risks, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction of Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:566896.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sertaç Zengil 0000-0001-9610-2869

Nilifer Gürbüzer 0000-0003-0224-8272

İbrahim Hakkı Tör 0000-0003-0246-3220

Early Pub Date May 10, 2024
Publication Date May 1, 2024
Submission Date March 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Zengil, S., Gürbüzer, N., & Tör, İ. H. (2024). Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Çalışanlarında Sekonder Travmatik Stres, Merhamet Yorgunluğu ve Tükenmişlik düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: COVİD-19 Pandemisi Sırasındaki Deneyim. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 10(2), 295-301. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1260065