Clinical Research
BibTex RIS Cite

Sigara Kullanımının Palatal Çiğneme Mukozasının Mikrosirkülasyonu ve Kalınlığı Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 414 - 421, 25.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1307827

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada sigara kullanımının yumuşak doku ogmentasyonunda alıcı saha olarak kullanılan palatal çiğneme mukozasındaki mikrosirkülasyona ve kalınlığa etkisinin değerlendirilmesi ve mukoza kalınlığı ile mikrosirkülasyon arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza yaşları 28-48 arasında değişen sigara kullanan (n=16) ve kullanmayan (n=15) diş eti çekilmesi nedeniyle kliniğe başvurmuş olan hastalar dahil edildi. Bu hastalardaki palatal mukoza kalınlığı anterior ve posterior bölgede transgingival sondlama yöntemi ile kaydedildi. Mukozanın mikrokanlanması ise laser Doppler flowmetri (LDF) aracılığı ile siyanoakrilat ile sabitlenerek perfuzyon ünitesi (PU) cinsinden veriler kaydedildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizleri bağımsız iki örnek t-testi veya Mann Whitney U testi ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: Palatal mukoza kalınlığı ve LDF ölçümlerinin ortalaması sırasıyla anterior bölgede 3.5 mm ve 183 PU iken, posterior bölgede ise 2.7 mm ve 218 PU bulundu. Sigara kullanan hastalarda, kullanmayanlara göre perfüzyon ünit ve palatal mukoza kalınlıkları yönünden aralarında istatistiksel farklılık görülmedi. Palatal mukoza kalınlığının anteriorda posteriora göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek olduğu, LDF’nin ise daha düşük olduğu bulgulandı (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, sigara tüketiminin palatal mukozanın LDF değeri ve kalınlığını değiştirmediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, palatal mukozadaki bölgesel değişikliklerin olabileceği, bu nedenle yumuşak doku alırken damağın kalınlığının yanında damağın kan akışının da göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmektedir.

References

  • 1. Brunsvold MA, Nair P, Oates TW, Jr. Chief complaints of patients seeking treatment for periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130(3):359-64.
  • 2. Keskiner I, Alkan BA, Tasdemir Z. Free gingival grafting procedure after excisional biopsy, 12-year follow-up. European journal of dentistry. 2016;10(03):432-4.
  • 3. Tavelli L, Barootchi S, Majzoub J, Chan HL, Giannobile WV, Wang HL, et al. Ultrasonographic tissue perfusion analysis at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation: a clinical pilot study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(4):602-14.
  • 4. Kouadio AA, Jordana F, Le Bars P, Soueidan A. The use of laser Doppler flowmetry to evaluate oral soft tissue blood flow in humans: A review. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;86:58-71.
  • 5. De Rijk W. Preliminary results with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) in gingival tissues. J Dent Res. 1980;59:232.
  • 6. Svalestad J, Hellem S, Vaagbø G, Irgens Å, Thorsen E. Reproducibility of transcutaneous oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry in facial skin and gingival tissue. Microvasc Res. 2010;79(1):29-33.
  • 7. Le Bars P, Niagha G, Kouadio AA, Demoersman J, Roy E, Armengol V, et al. Pilot Study of Laser Doppler Measurement of Flow Variability in the Microcirculation of the Palatal Mucosa. BioMed Research International. 2016;2016:5749150.
  • 8. Meekin T, Wilson R, Scott D, Ide M, Palmer R. Laser Doppler flowmeter measurement of relative gingival and forehead skin blood flow in light and heavy smokers during and after smoking. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(4):236-42.
  • 9. Molnár E, Lohinai Z, Demeter A, Mikecs B, Tóth Z, Vág J. Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking. Acta Physiol Hung. 2015;102(2):176-88.
  • 10. Çankaya ZT, Gürbüz S, Bakirarar B, Kurtiş B. Evaluation of the Effect of Hyaluronic Acid Application on the Vascularization of Free Gingival Graft for Both Donor and Recipient Sites with Laser Doppler Flowmetry: A Randomized, Examiner-Blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2020;40(2).
  • 11. Donos N, D'Aiuto F, Retzepi M, Tonetti M. Evaluation of gingival blood flow by the use of laser Doppler flowmetry following periodontal surgery. A pilot study. J Periodontal Res. 2005;40(2):129-37.
  • 12. Komaki S, Ozaki H, Takahashi S-s, Wada-Takahashi S, Fushima K. Gingival blood flow before, during, and after clenching, measured by laser Doppler blood flowmeter: A pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;161(1):46-52.
  • 13. Kuriakose A, Raju S. Assessment of thickness of palatal mucosal donor site and its association with age and gender. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012;16(3):370.
  • 14. Yaman D, Aksu S, Dişçi R, Demirel K. Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa and its relationship with different parameters in Turkish subjects. Int J Med Sci. 2014;11(10):1009-14.
  • 15. Mavropoulos A, Aars H, Brodin P. The acute effects of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on gingival blood flow in man. J Periodontal Res. 2001;36(4):221-6.
  • 16. Mavropoulos A, Aars H, Brodin P. Hyperaemic response to cigarette smoking in healthy gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30 3:214-21.
  • 17. Müller HP, Schaller N, Eger T, Heinecke A. Thickness of masticatory mucosa. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(6):431-6.
  • 18. Shanmugam M, Kumar T, Arun K, Arun R, Karthik SJ. Clinical and histological evaluation of two dressing materials in the healing of palatal wounds. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2010;14(4):241.
  • 19. Monnet-Corti V, Santini A, Glise JM, Fouque-Deruelle C, Dillier FL, Liébart MF, et al. Connective tissue graft for gingival recession treatment: assessment of the maximum graft dimensions at the palatal vault as a donor site. J Periodontol. 2006;77(5):899-902.
  • 20. Baab DA, Öberg PÅ. The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival blood flow in humans. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14(7):418-24.
  • 21. Lindeboom J, Mathura K, Harkisoen S, Van Den Akker H, Ince C. Effect of smoking on the gingival capillary density: assessment of gingival capillary density with orthogonal polarization spectral imaging. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(12):1208-12.
  • 22. BERGSTRÖM J. Oral hygiene compliance and gingivitis expression in cigarette smokers. Eur J Oral Sci. 1990;98(6):497-503.
  • 23. Ronay V, Sahrmann P, Bindl A, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Current status and perspectives of mucogingival soft tissue measurement methods. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry. 2011;23(3):146-56.
  • 24. Rajpoot N, Nayak A, Nayak R, Bankur PK. Evaluation of variation in the palatal gingival biotypes using an ultrasound device. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(3):Zc56-60.
  • 25. Kydd WL, Daly CH, Wheeler JB, 3rd. The thickness measurement of masticatory mucosa in vivo. Int Dent J. 1971;21(4):430-41.
  • 26. Wara-aswapati N, Pitiphat W, Chandrapho N, Rattanayatikul C, Karimbux N. Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa associated with age. J Periodontol. 2001;72(10):1407-12.
  • 27. Yu S-K, Lee M-H, Kim CS, Kim DK, Kim H-J. Thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa with reference to autogenous grafting: a cadaveric and histologic study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2014;34(1).
  • 28. Ueno D, Sekiguchi R, Morita M, Jayawardena A, Shinpo S, Sato J, et al. Palatal Mucosal Measurements in a J apanese Population Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2014;26(1):48-58.
  • 29. Tzoumpas M, Mohr B, Kurtulus-Waschulewski I, Wahl G. The Use of High-Frequency Ultrasound in the Measurement of Thickness of the Maxillary Attached Gingiva. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(4).

Assessment of the Effect of Smoking on Microcirculation and Thickness in Palatal Mucosa

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 414 - 421, 25.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1307827

Abstract

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on the microcirculation and thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa, which is widely used as a receptive field for soft tissue augmentation, and to determine the relationship between mucosal thickness and perfusion.
Materials and Methods: Smoker (n=16) and non-smoker (n=15) patients aged between 28-48 who applied to the clinic due to gingival recession were included in our study. Palatal mucosal thickness in these patients was recorded in the anterior and posterior regions by transgingival probing method. Microcirculation of the palatal mucosa was fixed with cyanoacrylate by means of a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF), and data in perfusion units (PU) were recorded. Statistical analyzes of the data were performed with an independent two-sample t-test or the Mann Whitney U test.
Results: The mean palatal mucosal thickness and LDF measurements were 3.5 mm and 183 PU in the anterior region, and 2.7 mm and 218 PU in the posterior region, respectively. There was no statistical difference between smokers and non-smokers in terms of perfusion unit and palatal mucosal thicknesses. It was found that the palatal mucosa thickness was statistically higher in the anterior compared to the posterior, and the PU was lower (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that tobacco use did not change the LDF value and thickness of the palatal mucosa. In addition, there may be regional changes in the palatal mucosa, therefore it is recommended to evaluate the blood flow of the palate as well as the thickness of the palate while soft tissue augmentation.

References

  • 1. Brunsvold MA, Nair P, Oates TW, Jr. Chief complaints of patients seeking treatment for periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130(3):359-64.
  • 2. Keskiner I, Alkan BA, Tasdemir Z. Free gingival grafting procedure after excisional biopsy, 12-year follow-up. European journal of dentistry. 2016;10(03):432-4.
  • 3. Tavelli L, Barootchi S, Majzoub J, Chan HL, Giannobile WV, Wang HL, et al. Ultrasonographic tissue perfusion analysis at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation: a clinical pilot study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(4):602-14.
  • 4. Kouadio AA, Jordana F, Le Bars P, Soueidan A. The use of laser Doppler flowmetry to evaluate oral soft tissue blood flow in humans: A review. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;86:58-71.
  • 5. De Rijk W. Preliminary results with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) in gingival tissues. J Dent Res. 1980;59:232.
  • 6. Svalestad J, Hellem S, Vaagbø G, Irgens Å, Thorsen E. Reproducibility of transcutaneous oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry in facial skin and gingival tissue. Microvasc Res. 2010;79(1):29-33.
  • 7. Le Bars P, Niagha G, Kouadio AA, Demoersman J, Roy E, Armengol V, et al. Pilot Study of Laser Doppler Measurement of Flow Variability in the Microcirculation of the Palatal Mucosa. BioMed Research International. 2016;2016:5749150.
  • 8. Meekin T, Wilson R, Scott D, Ide M, Palmer R. Laser Doppler flowmeter measurement of relative gingival and forehead skin blood flow in light and heavy smokers during and after smoking. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(4):236-42.
  • 9. Molnár E, Lohinai Z, Demeter A, Mikecs B, Tóth Z, Vág J. Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking. Acta Physiol Hung. 2015;102(2):176-88.
  • 10. Çankaya ZT, Gürbüz S, Bakirarar B, Kurtiş B. Evaluation of the Effect of Hyaluronic Acid Application on the Vascularization of Free Gingival Graft for Both Donor and Recipient Sites with Laser Doppler Flowmetry: A Randomized, Examiner-Blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2020;40(2).
  • 11. Donos N, D'Aiuto F, Retzepi M, Tonetti M. Evaluation of gingival blood flow by the use of laser Doppler flowmetry following periodontal surgery. A pilot study. J Periodontal Res. 2005;40(2):129-37.
  • 12. Komaki S, Ozaki H, Takahashi S-s, Wada-Takahashi S, Fushima K. Gingival blood flow before, during, and after clenching, measured by laser Doppler blood flowmeter: A pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;161(1):46-52.
  • 13. Kuriakose A, Raju S. Assessment of thickness of palatal mucosal donor site and its association with age and gender. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012;16(3):370.
  • 14. Yaman D, Aksu S, Dişçi R, Demirel K. Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa and its relationship with different parameters in Turkish subjects. Int J Med Sci. 2014;11(10):1009-14.
  • 15. Mavropoulos A, Aars H, Brodin P. The acute effects of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on gingival blood flow in man. J Periodontal Res. 2001;36(4):221-6.
  • 16. Mavropoulos A, Aars H, Brodin P. Hyperaemic response to cigarette smoking in healthy gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30 3:214-21.
  • 17. Müller HP, Schaller N, Eger T, Heinecke A. Thickness of masticatory mucosa. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(6):431-6.
  • 18. Shanmugam M, Kumar T, Arun K, Arun R, Karthik SJ. Clinical and histological evaluation of two dressing materials in the healing of palatal wounds. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2010;14(4):241.
  • 19. Monnet-Corti V, Santini A, Glise JM, Fouque-Deruelle C, Dillier FL, Liébart MF, et al. Connective tissue graft for gingival recession treatment: assessment of the maximum graft dimensions at the palatal vault as a donor site. J Periodontol. 2006;77(5):899-902.
  • 20. Baab DA, Öberg PÅ. The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival blood flow in humans. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14(7):418-24.
  • 21. Lindeboom J, Mathura K, Harkisoen S, Van Den Akker H, Ince C. Effect of smoking on the gingival capillary density: assessment of gingival capillary density with orthogonal polarization spectral imaging. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(12):1208-12.
  • 22. BERGSTRÖM J. Oral hygiene compliance and gingivitis expression in cigarette smokers. Eur J Oral Sci. 1990;98(6):497-503.
  • 23. Ronay V, Sahrmann P, Bindl A, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Current status and perspectives of mucogingival soft tissue measurement methods. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry. 2011;23(3):146-56.
  • 24. Rajpoot N, Nayak A, Nayak R, Bankur PK. Evaluation of variation in the palatal gingival biotypes using an ultrasound device. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(3):Zc56-60.
  • 25. Kydd WL, Daly CH, Wheeler JB, 3rd. The thickness measurement of masticatory mucosa in vivo. Int Dent J. 1971;21(4):430-41.
  • 26. Wara-aswapati N, Pitiphat W, Chandrapho N, Rattanayatikul C, Karimbux N. Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa associated with age. J Periodontol. 2001;72(10):1407-12.
  • 27. Yu S-K, Lee M-H, Kim CS, Kim DK, Kim H-J. Thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa with reference to autogenous grafting: a cadaveric and histologic study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2014;34(1).
  • 28. Ueno D, Sekiguchi R, Morita M, Jayawardena A, Shinpo S, Sato J, et al. Palatal Mucosal Measurements in a J apanese Population Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2014;26(1):48-58.
  • 29. Tzoumpas M, Mohr B, Kurtulus-Waschulewski I, Wahl G. The Use of High-Frequency Ultrasound in the Measurement of Thickness of the Maxillary Attached Gingiva. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(4).
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Sühan Gürbüz 0000-0003-2277-2020

Zeynep Turgut Çankaya 0000-0002-9960-5290

Mazlum Bülent Kurtiş 0000-0002-1124-3097

Publication Date September 25, 2023
Submission Date May 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Gürbüz S, Turgut Çankaya Z, Kurtiş MB. Sigara Kullanımının Palatal Çiğneme Mukozasının Mikrosirkülasyonu ve Kalınlığı Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;12(3):414-21.