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Mermer yengecinin (Pachygrapsus marmoratus) farklı tuzluluk seviyelerinde yaşama oranı ve sınırlı büyümesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 4, 407 - 416, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.4.06

Öz



Yarı karasal bir tür olan mermer
yengeci (
Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius, 1787), Akdeniz’in kayalık
kıyılarında bulunan gelgit zonundaki en yaygın türlerden biridir. Bu çalışma, mermer
yengecinin farklı tuzluluk seviyelerinde (‰0, 5, 15, 25, 35) ve kuru ortamda
(K) hayatta kalmasının ve sınırlı büyümesinin anlaşılmasını amaçlamıştır.
Yengeçler, Ocak 2018’de İzmir’deki kayalık kıyılardan el ile toplanmıştır.
Bireyler (ilk ortalama ağırlık 0.82±0.01 g ve
n=180), üç replikat olmak
üzere 10-L akvaryumlara rastgele dağıtılmış ve deney sırasında
beslenmemişlerdir. Bulgular, yengeçlerin hayatta kalma sürelerinin tuzluluk
seviyelerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiğini belirtmiştir (P<0,001).
Kuru ortamda ve ‰ 0 tuzluluk seviyesindeki tüm bireyler ilk 2 ay içinde
ölmüştür. Diğer tuzluluk seviyeleri için, tüm spesifik büyüme oranları, 84.
günde eksiye düşmüştür. Akvaryumlarda ‰15 tuzluluk seviyesindeki yengeçlerin
yüzde kırkı 126. güne kadar hayatta kalmış olup, çalışma son yengeç (0,73 g)
ölümünün meydana geldiği 140. günde sona ermiştir. Sonuç olarak,
P.
marmoratus
’un hayatta kalma ve kısıtlı büyümesi için optimal tuzluluk
düzeyi sırasıyla ‰15 ve ‰25 olarak belirlenmiştir. Gelecek çalışmalar, deniz
akvaryumlarının bu potansiyel süs yengecinde hayatta kalma ve büyüme üzerine
farklı besin türlerinin etkilerini araştırmalıdır.



Kaynakça

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  • Aydın, M., Karadurmuş, U. & Tunca, E. (2014). Biological characteristics of Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the southern Black Sea (Turkey). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94(7), 1441-1449. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315414000253
  • Blaszkowski, C. & Moreira, G.S. (1986). Combined effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and duration of larval stages of Pagurus criniticornis (Dana) (Crustacea, Paguridae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 103(1-3), 77-86. DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90133-4
  • Bryars, S.R. & Havenhand. J.N. (2006). Effects of constant and varying temperatures on the development of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae: laboratory observations and field predictions for temperate coastal waters. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 329(2), 218-229. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.09.004
  • Calado, R., Lin J., Rhyne, A.L., Araújo R. & Narciso L. (2003a). Marine ornamental decapods - popular, pricey and poorly studied. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 23, 963-973. DOI: 10.1651/C-2409
  • Calado, R., Narciso, L., Morais, S., Rhyne, A. L. & Lin, J. (2003b). A rearing system for the culture of ornamental decapod crustacean larvae. Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 329-339. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00583-5
  • Calado, R., Vitorino, A., Dionísio, G. & Dinis, M.T. (2007). A recirculated maturation system for marine ornamental decapods. Aquaculture, 263(1-4), 68-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.10.013
  • Calado, R., Pimentel, T., Vitorino, A., Dionísio, G. & Dinis, M.T. (2008). Technical improvements of a rearing system for the culture of decapod crustacean larvae, with emphasis on marine ornamental species. Aquaculture, 285(1-4), 264-269. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.019
  • Cannicci, S., Paula, J. & Vannini, M. (1999). Activity pattern and spatial strategy in Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Decapoda: Grapsidae) from Mediterranean and Atlantic shores. Marine Biology, 133, 429e435. DOI: 10.1007/s002270050481
  • Cannicci, S., Gomei, M., Boddi, B. & Vannini, M. (2002). Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: opportunistic browser or selective feeder? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54(6), 983-1001. DOI: 10.1006/ecss.2001.0869
  • Cannicci, S., Gomei, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Rorandelli, R. & Terlizzi, A. (2007). Influence of seasonal food abundance and quality on the feeding habits of an opportunistic feeder, the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus. Marine Biology, 151(4), 1331-1342. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-006-0570-3
  • Castejón, D., Ribes, E., Durfort, M., Rotllant, G. & Guerao, G. (2015). Foregut morphology and ontogeny of the mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Panopeidae). Arthropod Structure & Development, 44(1), 33-41.
  • Cházaro-Olvera, S. & Peterson, M.S. (2004). Effects of salinity on growth and molting of sympatric Callinectes spp. from Camaronera Lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74(1), 115-127.
  • Comoglio, L., Goldsmit, J. & Amin, O. (2008). Starvation effects on physiological parameters and biochemical composition of the hepatopancreas of the southern king crab Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782). Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 43(2), 345-353.
  • Coquereau, L., Grall, J., Clavier, J., Jolivet, A. & Chauvaud, L. (2016). Acoustic behaviours of large crustaceans in NE Atlantic coastal habitats. Aquatic Biology, 25, 151-163. DOI: 10.3354/ab00665
  • Costlow, J.D. (1967). The effect of salinity and temperature on survival and metamorphosis of megalops of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 15(1), 84-97.
  • Cuesta, J.A. & Rodríguez, A. (2000). Zoeal stages of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Hydrobiologia, 436(1-3), 119-130. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026576614590
  • Dauvin, J.C. (2012). Establishment of a population of marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) on the coast of northern Cotentin, Normandy, on the western English Channel. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e56. DOI: 10.1017/S1755267212000334
  • Deli, T., Bahles, H., Said, K. & Chatti, N. (2015). Patterns of genetic and morphometric diversity in the marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Brachyura, Grapsidae) populations across the Tunisian coast. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(6), 49-58. DOI: 10.1007/s13131-015-0687-7
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Survival rate and restricted growth of marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus) in different salinity levels

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 4, 407 - 416, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.4.06

Öz



The semi-terrestrial marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius, 1787) is one of the most common species in the intertidal belt of rocky shores of the Mediterranean Sea. This study aimed to understand survival and restricted growth of marbled crab in different salinity levels (0, 5, 15, 25, 35‰) and dry area (D). Crabs were collected from rocky shores by hand in İzmir in January 2018. Specimens (initial mean weights of 0.82±0.01 g and n=180) were randomly distributed to 10-L aquariums with three replicates and they were not fed during the experiment. Results indicated that the survival times of crabs showed significant differences in salinity levels (P<0.001). All the individuals in the dry area and 0‰ salinity level died within the first 2 months. For the other salinity levels, all specific growth rate values decreased at minus on 84th day. Forty percent of crabs in aquariums that represented 15‰ salinity level were survived until the 126th day and the experiment was ended in the 140th day when the mortality of the last crab (0.73 g) occurred. In conclusion, the optimal salinity level for the survival and restricted growth of P. marmoratus was determined as 15‰ and 25‰, respectively. Future surveys would need to investigate the effects of different food types on survival and growth of this potential ornamental crab species of marine aquariums.



Kaynakça

  • APPA. (2018). The 2017-2018 APPA National Pet Owners Survey Debut. http://americanpetproducts.org/Uploads/MemServices/GPE2017_NPOS_Seminar.pdf (Access Date: 07.05.2018).
  • Arab, A., Kazanjian, G. & Bariche, M. (2015). Biological traits suggest a niche overlap between two grapsid crabs sharing the rocky intertidal of the eastern Mediterranean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95(8), 1685-1692. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315415001010
  • Aydın, M., Karadurmuş, U. & Tunca, E. (2014). Biological characteristics of Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the southern Black Sea (Turkey). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94(7), 1441-1449. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315414000253
  • Blaszkowski, C. & Moreira, G.S. (1986). Combined effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and duration of larval stages of Pagurus criniticornis (Dana) (Crustacea, Paguridae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 103(1-3), 77-86. DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90133-4
  • Bryars, S.R. & Havenhand. J.N. (2006). Effects of constant and varying temperatures on the development of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae: laboratory observations and field predictions for temperate coastal waters. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 329(2), 218-229. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.09.004
  • Calado, R., Lin J., Rhyne, A.L., Araújo R. & Narciso L. (2003a). Marine ornamental decapods - popular, pricey and poorly studied. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 23, 963-973. DOI: 10.1651/C-2409
  • Calado, R., Narciso, L., Morais, S., Rhyne, A. L. & Lin, J. (2003b). A rearing system for the culture of ornamental decapod crustacean larvae. Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 329-339. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00583-5
  • Calado, R., Vitorino, A., Dionísio, G. & Dinis, M.T. (2007). A recirculated maturation system for marine ornamental decapods. Aquaculture, 263(1-4), 68-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.10.013
  • Calado, R., Pimentel, T., Vitorino, A., Dionísio, G. & Dinis, M.T. (2008). Technical improvements of a rearing system for the culture of decapod crustacean larvae, with emphasis on marine ornamental species. Aquaculture, 285(1-4), 264-269. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.019
  • Cannicci, S., Paula, J. & Vannini, M. (1999). Activity pattern and spatial strategy in Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Decapoda: Grapsidae) from Mediterranean and Atlantic shores. Marine Biology, 133, 429e435. DOI: 10.1007/s002270050481
  • Cannicci, S., Gomei, M., Boddi, B. & Vannini, M. (2002). Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: opportunistic browser or selective feeder? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54(6), 983-1001. DOI: 10.1006/ecss.2001.0869
  • Cannicci, S., Gomei, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Rorandelli, R. & Terlizzi, A. (2007). Influence of seasonal food abundance and quality on the feeding habits of an opportunistic feeder, the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus. Marine Biology, 151(4), 1331-1342. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-006-0570-3
  • Castejón, D., Ribes, E., Durfort, M., Rotllant, G. & Guerao, G. (2015). Foregut morphology and ontogeny of the mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Panopeidae). Arthropod Structure & Development, 44(1), 33-41.
  • Cházaro-Olvera, S. & Peterson, M.S. (2004). Effects of salinity on growth and molting of sympatric Callinectes spp. from Camaronera Lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74(1), 115-127.
  • Comoglio, L., Goldsmit, J. & Amin, O. (2008). Starvation effects on physiological parameters and biochemical composition of the hepatopancreas of the southern king crab Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782). Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 43(2), 345-353.
  • Coquereau, L., Grall, J., Clavier, J., Jolivet, A. & Chauvaud, L. (2016). Acoustic behaviours of large crustaceans in NE Atlantic coastal habitats. Aquatic Biology, 25, 151-163. DOI: 10.3354/ab00665
  • Costlow, J.D. (1967). The effect of salinity and temperature on survival and metamorphosis of megalops of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 15(1), 84-97.
  • Cuesta, J.A. & Rodríguez, A. (2000). Zoeal stages of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Hydrobiologia, 436(1-3), 119-130. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026576614590
  • Dauvin, J.C. (2012). Establishment of a population of marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) on the coast of northern Cotentin, Normandy, on the western English Channel. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e56. DOI: 10.1017/S1755267212000334
  • Deli, T., Bahles, H., Said, K. & Chatti, N. (2015). Patterns of genetic and morphometric diversity in the marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Brachyura, Grapsidae) populations across the Tunisian coast. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(6), 49-58. DOI: 10.1007/s13131-015-0687-7
  • Figueiredo, J., Penha-Lopes, G., Narciso, L. & Lin, J. (2008). Effect of starvation during late megalopa stage of Mithraculus forceps (Brachyura: Majidae) on larval duration, synchronism of metamorphosis, survival to juvenile, and newly metamorphosed juvenile size. Aquaculture, 274(1), 175-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.052
  • Fisher, M.R. (1999). Effect of temperature and salinity on size at maturity of female blue crabs. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 128(3), 499-506. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128 <0499:EOTASO> 2.0.CO;2
  • Flores, A.A. & Paula, J. (2002a). Population dynamics of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Brachyura: Grapsidae) in the central Portuguese coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82(2), 229-241. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315402005404
  • Flores, A.A. & Paula, J. (2002b). Sexual maturity, larval release and reproductive output of two brachyuran crabs from a rocky intertidal area in central Portugal. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 42(1), 21-34. DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2002.9652506
  • Gardner, C. & Maguire, G.B. (1998). Effect of photoperiod and light intensity on survival, development and cannibalism of larvae of the Australian giant crab Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck). Aquaculture, 165(1-2), 51-63. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00245-2
  • Hamasaki, K. (2003). Effects of temperature on the egg incubation period, survival and developmental period of larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskål) (Brachyura: Portunidae) reared in the laboratory. Aquaculture, 219(1-4), 561-572. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00662-2
  • Ingle, R. (1997). Crayfishes, Lobsters and Crabs of Europe - An Illustrated Guide to Common and Traded Species. Springer Netherlands, 281 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5872-5
  • Karadal, O. & Öndes, F. (2018). Potential use of crab species in Turkey for the marine aquariums. Ecology 2018 International Symposium, 19-23 June 2018, Kastamonu, Turkey, pp. 751.
  • Kisling, V.N. (2000). Zoo and Aquarium History: Ancient Animal Collections to Zoological Gardens. CRC Press, WTA Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 440 p.
  • Long, X., Wu, X., Zhao, L., Ye, H., Cheng, Y. & Zeng, C. (2017). Effects of salinity on gonadal development, osmoregulation and metabolism of adult male Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. PLoS One, 12(6), e0179036. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179036
  • Madeira, D., Narciso, L., Cabral, H.N., Diniz, M.S. & Vinagre, C. (2012). Thermal tolerance of the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: intraspecific differences at a physiological (CTMax) and molecular level (Hsp70). Cell Stress and Chaperones, 17(6), 707-716. DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0345-3
  • Nurdiani, R. & Zeng, C. (2007). Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and development of the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskal) larvae. Aquaculture Research, 38(14), 1529-1538. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01810.x
  • Oliveira, G.T., Fernandes, F.A., Bond-Buckup, G., Bueno, A.A. & Da Silva, R.S.M. (2003). Circadian and seasonal variations in the metabolism of carbohydrates in Aegla ligulata (Crustacea: Anomura: Aeglidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 60(1), 59-62.
  • Oliveira, G.T., Rossi, I.C., Kucharski, L.C.R. & Da Silva, R.S.M. (2004). Hepatopancreas gluconeogenesis and glycogen content during fasting in crabs previously maintained on a high-protein or carbohydrate-rich diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 137(2), 383-390. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.10.017
  • Paschke, K., Cumillaf, J.P., Loyola, S., Gebauer, P., Urbina, M., Chimal, M.E., Pascual, C. & Rosas, C. (2010). Effect of dissolved oxygen level on respiratory metabolism, nutritional physiology, and immune condition of southern king crab Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782) (Decapoda, Lithodidae). Marine Biology, 157(1), 7.
  • Paula, J., Nogueira Mendes, R., Mwalum, J., Raedig, C. & Emmerson, W. (2003). Combined effects of temperature and salinity on larval development of the mangrove crab Parasesarma catenata Ortman, 1897 (Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 2(1), 57-63. DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v2i1.28429
  • Penha‐Lopes, G., Rhyne, A.L., Lin, J. & Narciso, L. (2005). The larval rearing of the marine ornamental crab, Mithraculus forceps (A. Milne Edwards, 1875) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae). Aquaculture Research, 36(13), 1313-1321. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01349.x
  • Penha‐Lopes, G., Rhyne, A. L., Lin, J. & Narciso, L. (2006). Effects of temperature, stocking density and diet on the growth and survival of juvenile Mithraculus forceps (A. Milne Edwards, 1875) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae). Aquaculture Research, 37(4), 398-408. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01447.x
  • Pora, E.A. (1939). Sur le comportement des Crustaces brachyoures de la Mer Noire aux variations de salinite du milieu ambiant. Annales Scientifiques de l’Université de Jassy, 25, 1-34.
  • Protopapas, N., Katsanevakis, S., Thessalou-Legaki, M. & Verriopoulos, G. (2007). Relative growth of the semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: an information-theory approach. Scientia Marina, 71(2), 383-394.
  • Redzuari, A., Azra, M.N., Abol-Munafi, A.B., Aizam, Z.A., Hii, Y.S. & Ikhwanuddin, M. (2012). Effects of feeding regimes on survival, development and growth of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(4), 472-478. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.04.313
  • Rodríguez, A. (1997). Larval and postlarval development of Pisa tetraodon (Pennant, 1777) (Decapoda: Majidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Plankton Research, 19(1), 29-41. DOI: 10.1093/plankt/19.1.29
  • Rodríguez, A. & Jones, D.A. (1993). Larval development of Uca tangeri (Eydoux, 1835) (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 13(2), 309-321. DOI: 10.1163/193724093X00093
  • Romano, N. & Zeng, C. (2006). The effects of salinity on the survival, growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs, Portunus pelagicus. Aquaculture, 260(1-4), 151-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.06.019
  • Ruscoe, I.M., Williams, G.R. & Shelley, C.C. (2004). Limiting the use of rotifers to the first zoeal stage in mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskål) larval rearing. Aquaculture, 231(1-4), 517-527. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.021
  • Sciberras, M. & Schembri, P.J. (2008). Biology and interspecific interactions of the alien crab Percnon gibbesi in the Maltese Islands. Marine Biology Research, 4(5), 321-332. DOI: 10.1080/17451000801964923
  • Shentu, J., Xu, Y. & Ding, Z. (2015). Effects of salinity on survival, feeding behavior and growth of the juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876). Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33(3), 679-684. DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.09.005
  • Silva, A.C.F., Brazão, S., Hawkins, S.J., Thompson, R.C. & Boaventura, D. (2009). Abundance, population structure and claw morphology of the semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) on shores of differing wave exposure. Marine Biology, 156(12), 2591-2599. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1283-1
  • Stueckle, T.A., Shock, B. & Foran, C.M. (2009). Multiple stressor effects of methoprene, permethrin, and salinity on limb regeneration and molting in the mud fiddler crab (Uca pugnax). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(11), 2348-2359. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-015-4218-3
  • Sumer, C., Aksu, H., Celik, S. & Bektas, S. (2016). Some biological characteristics of the marbled crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the southern Black Sea (Sinop, Turkey). International Journal of Advances in Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, 3(2), 263-265. DOI: 10.15242/IJAAEE.ER051602
  • Suprayudi, M.A., Takeuchi, T., Hamasaki, K. & Hirokawa, J. (2002). Effect of Artemia feeding schedule and density on the survival and development of larval mud crab Scylla serrata. Fisheries Science, 68(6), 1295-1303. DOI: 10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00567.x
  • Türkmen, G., Bulguroğlu, S.Y. & Aydoğan, G. (2011). Bring in some native osteichtyes marine fish species in Turkey to the marine aquarium (in Turkish with English abstract). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 28(3), 95-98.
  • Türkmen, G. & Karadal, O. (2012a). The survey of the imported freshwater decapod species via the ornamental aquarium trade in Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(15), 2824-2827. DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2012.2824.2827
  • Türkmen, G. & Karadal, O. (2012b). Effects of different aquarium feeds on growth and survival rate of red claw crab (Perisesarma bidens) (in Turkish with English abstract). Alınteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23(2), 12-17.
  • Vernet-Cornubert, G. (1958). Recherches sur la sexualité du crabe Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius); Les Malacostracés des eaux souterraines. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 96, 101-276.
  • Vinagre, C., Madeira, D., Narciso, L., Cabral, H.N. & Diniz, M.S. (2012). Effect of handling, confinement and crowding in HSP70 production in Pachygrapsus marmoratus, a model species for climate change experiments. Journal of Sea Research, 72, 64-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2012.05.013
  • Vitko, R. (2004). A history of the hobby. Reefkeeping Magazine, September 2004, 3(8), 01.
  • Wen, X., Chen, L., Ku, Y. & Zhou, K. (2006). Effect of feeding and lack of food on the growth, gross biochemical and fatty acid composition of juvenile crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Aquaculture, 252(2-4), 598-607. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.027
  • Winch, J.J.W.W. & Hodgson, A.N. (2007). The effect of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption in the brachyuran crab Cyclograpsus punctatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae). African Zoology, 42(1), 118-123. DOI: 10.3377/1562-7020(2007)42[118:TEOTAS]2.0.CO;2
  • Zar JH. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis. 4th edt, Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, 929 p.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Onur Karadal 0000-0002-6241-5039

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018Cilt: 35 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Karadal, O. (2018). Survival rate and restricted growth of marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus) in different salinity levels. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35(4), 407-416. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.4.06